Border security studise in Mustang district of nepal

Abstract

The concept of "Border" (is called Sajam in local language Loba of upper Mustang) has been incredibly significant throughout the development of human civilization. Since the hunters and gatherers time also demarcations were done for hunting territories. “Border security” to measures taken to protect the sovereignty and integrity of a country's territorial boundaries. The study focuses on border security in the Himalayan region of Nepal, where there are numerous challenges due to mainly rugged terrain and climate. The aim of this study was to explore the current scenario, challenges and priorities of border security and to ensure national security, control immigration, and prevent from of illegal activities in Mustang district. This study utilized qualitative research approach with descriptive analytical nature using primary and secondary data as the source of information. The community people as In-depth interviews (IDIs), Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Information (KIIs) of government offices, security forces and border experts’ interview were conducted in semistructured questions and some data were collected from APF Border Outpost (BOP) Nechung, APF, Nepal Company Mustang and APF, Nepal Border Security Department also analyzed. Virtual and in-person interviews were conducted in Nepali language. The audio recordings of the KII and FGD and field notes were transcribed and translated into Nepali language, then into English. After categorizing and labeling the data, thematic analysis was performed. The BOP, Nechung is still 14 km away from international border. The most challenging aspect of operational activities are the geological location, climate and the logistics supply. The study primarily has highlighted the geographical significance of the Mustang district, particularly its historic and vital Korala border which is currently closed. This study has mostly emphasized on the need of providing suitable accommodation, training, logistics, andcommunication for troops at high altitudes deployment. It also recommends utilizing of modern technology for effective border surveillance and highlights the importance of coordination and cooperation with Chinese counterparts to enhance border security. Keywords: Border, security, challenges, BOP Nechung, Himalayan region, prospects