Medicinal Bio- Activities of Ganomerma Lucidum and Empirical Taxicity analysis on its Productions

Abstract

Precious bioactive compounds: β D-glucan and Organic Germanium, antioxidants, immune boosters and triterpenoids made Ganoderma lucidum the miraculous herbal king being used in Medicines and supplements worldwide. Scientific basis for such potent multidrug mechanism is being explored worldwide along with advancement in culture techniques and metabolic engineering. This research focuses particularly on its growth parameters, medicinal activities and empirical toxicities. Growth parameters were optimized in semisolid media. Extracts were received in ethanol through Soxhlet Extraction system and were used for antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method, antioxidant activity by DPPH method, total antioxidant potential by phosphomolybdenum method and reducing activity by FRAP method in vitro and polyphenolics and flavonoids were quantified compared to their respective standards: gallic acid and quercetin. Heavy metals Cadmium (Cd) and Plumbum (Pb) were analyzed on its supplement products: capsules, coffee and wild and cultivated powder. Lastly, brine shrimp bioassay was performed on above supplements to assess their pharmacopotency. Growth optimization predicted that at 30°C, at pH5±0.25 and with sugars viz; Sorbose, Trehalose, Glucose and Maltose it grows better with maximum rate 1.08 mm per day than with cellulose and lactose. Bacillus subtillis was most susceptible with all extracts and Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aerogenosa were mildly inhibited and Salmonella typhii was inhibited with cloudy inhibition zone. Mycelia was more potent in antioxidant activity having IC 50 157.49 µg/ml than carpophores having 176.77 µg/ml compared to standard ascorbic acid having IC 50 only 30.60 µg/ml. Total antioxidants for carpophore extract showed 144.28 ±81.72 mg whereas mycelia extract 150.6 ±56.92 mg eqv to ascorbic acid per gram extract. Average reducing power value was 104.08 ± 7.59 mg eqv BHT/g for carpophores extract and 13.58 ± 3.18 mg equivalent to BHT/g for mycelia extract. Immature carpophore was found to contain 70.068 mg phenolics, mature carpophore56 mg, submerged mycelia 25.24 mg and lawn mycelia 9.448 mg phenolics eqv to gallic acid per gram dry biomass. Next, lawn mycelia contained 34.375 mg flavonoids, mature carpophore 45.875 mg, immature carpophore 74.125 mg and submerged mycelia 26.875 mg flavonoids eqv to quercetin per gram dried biomass. Heavy metal quantification by AAS on four supplements viz; capsules, coffee, lab grown chips and wild Reishi powder revealed Lead and Cadmium 7 times and 26 times below Codex Alimentarius Commission (1993). Above four supplements revealed their pharmacopotential having LC 50 below 1000 mg/l highly cytotoxic being coffee with LC 50 73.37 µg/ml and weakly cytotoxic being capsules with LC 50 shrimp bioassay. Medicinal activities and Empirical toxicity studied in vitro assured that Ganoderma lucidum is medicinally valuable supplement and it is safe and acceptable as per WHO standards. Key words: Ganoderma lucidum, DPPH, IC 50, Flavonoids, AAS, LC50, Bioassay.