Impact of Economically Active Population Migration in Socio Economic Development at Household Level in Rupandehi District

Abstract

This study aims to explore the impact of economically active population migration in socio economic development in household level along with negative impact of migration. This study entitled „Impact of Economically Active Population Migration in Socio Economic Development‟ in Rupandehi District is based on primary data collection. The main objective of the study is to analyze the impact of economically active population migration in socio economic development at household level of migrated family. The specific objective are: to examine the current status of active population migration in study area, Pull and push factors of migration and finally the socio economic impact at household level. This study has applied descriptive research design. The sources of data were primary & secondary and nature of data was both qualitative & quantitative. For this purpose total 151 migrant household 100 household has been selected through simple random sampling and interviewed to investigate the current status of migrant, pull & push factor, utilization pattern of remittance, socio economic impact. This was supplemented by the KII interview with five key informants of migrant person, one case study is conducted for positive impact of migration and productive utilization of remittance in household. The findings revealed that, 1-5 number of persons by one family migrant found in study area. Migrant literacy status is 100 percent found in study area. Purpose of the migration is working (75.92%). Migration channel is 85.54% through legal and 14.53% illegal channel. 61.48% migrant are skilled but not proper utilized in destination. Most of the migrant working in hotel sector (30.37%). Average Expenditure for Gulf country is 1,36500 and for Asian, European, American & Australian country‟s expenditure is 14,36500 NRP. The highest income of the migrant is 1,5000 in Gulf country and 4,00000-6,00000 in Asian, European, American & Australian country. Out of the 270 migrant, the major push factor of migration is lack of proper employment opportunity (34.7%), demonstration effect 24.44%, Low wage rate 20.74%, insecurity of job 10%, political conflict & instability is 6.66% and lack of proper higher education is 4.07%. Likewise the major pull factor of migration is security of job (41.11%), high paid job is 36.29%, opportunity of higher education is 10%, demonstration effect is 8.51%, availability of services & facility is 4.07%. After migration different types of changes in socio economic status has been found in migrant family. After migration health and education status has been increased. After migration more expenses in basic needs has been found (54.98%) and saving & investment is only 19.51%. After migration most of the migrant family improving their housing condition for different purposes. However several problems have been identified associated with migration on the family, society and individual level. Remittance has become a major income source of national economy in Nepal and contributes positively to recipient country in macro and micro level. Migration is automatically linked with remittance and remittance directly linked with income level, expenditure pattern, saving and investment which positively and negatively impact on socio economic status of the people and finally results in rural development and overall development of the country. Rational & productive use of income directly positive impact on socio economic status of the people and use in unproductive sector negatively hinders in socio economic status and overall development of any family, society and the country.