Female Rights in Mahaguru Phalgunanda's Satyadharma Muchulka

Abstract

The Satyadhrma Muchulka is a historic document passed by a chumlung (conference) of Kiratas on 6 May, 1931 in Lobre Panthar. In chumlung different agendas were proposed by Magaguru Phalgunanda, related to religious and cultural reformation. Chumlung mentioned seven points as codes of conduct for society in Satyadharma Muchulka. Muchulka reconsiders the Kirat cultures from female perspective. It upgrades female from 'second sex' blurring the hierarchy between male and female, schematized by the patriarchy on the basis of culture and religion. Likewise, it denounced the exploitation and discrimination of women, and emphasized on female to enhance their social, religious, economic and educational rights in the society. Furthermore, it emancipates Kirat society from the cultural colonization of west and imposition of Hinduism, valorizing Mundhum and education in mother language. It widened the Third-World feminist movement leaving space to fight against the patriarchy.