Ramesh Raj KunwarGurung, Hari Bahadur2026-05-252026-05-252024https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14540/26824The recurrent flooding in Bardiya, Nepal, poses significant risks to local agriculture, infrastructure, and livelihoods, necessitating comprehensive research into its causes, consequences, and mitigation strategies. This study employs a multi-faceted approach, combining field observations, interviews with local stakeholders, and secondary data analysis to thoroughly investigate the underlying causes of flooding in the region. Key contributing factors identified include intense monsoon rains, river overflow, and inadequate drainage infrastructure. The research highlights that the interplay between hydrological factors, such as river discharge and sediment transport, and climatic factors, including changing rainfall patterns and glacier melt, significantly exacerbates the flood risk in Bardiya. In critically examining existing flood management practices, the study assesses the effectiveness of infrastructural developments like embankments and irrigation systems, as well as community-based disaster preparedness and response initiatives. The findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced flood forecasting systems that can provide timely warnings, thereby reducing the impacts of floods. Additionally, the research emphasizes the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with modern technological advancements to develop a more robust and adaptive flood management strategy. The proposed hybrid approach, which leverages both local knowledge and scientific techniques, is shown to have significant potential in mitigating the impacts of floods in the region. The implications of this research are extensive: for government agencies, the study provides a clear directive to revise and strengthen policies and infrastructure related to flood risk management; for local communities, it encourages greater participation in planning and implementing flood preparedness measures; and for security forces, it recommends enhanced training and better coordination with emergency services to improve response efforts during flood events. Furthermore, the research underscores the necessity for ongoing studies to refine data collection and modeling techniques, which are essential for predicting and managing future flooding scenarios more effectively. The study’s recommendations aim to foster a collaborative and resilient approach to flood risk management, ensuring the safety and sustainability of Bardiya’s communities. The integration of traditional knowledge with modern science, improved forecasting, and a collaborative approach to disaster preparedness and response form the cornerstone of a strategy to mitigate flood risks in Bardiya effectively. Keywords: Climate change, inundation, infrastructure, community, early warning systemen-USInfrastructureWarning systemThesis