Ghimire, Ashutosh2022-03-152022-03-152016-02MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERINGhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14540/9077A MANET is an autonomous collection of mobile users that communicate over relatively bandwidth constrained wireless links.A MANET is an autonomous collection of mobile users that communicate over relatively bandwidth constrained wireless links. MANET are both self-forming and self-healing, enabling peer-level communications between mobile nodes without reliance on centralized resources or fixed infrastructure. Although, many routing protocols have been developed for MANET, widespread use of MANET have not been seen outside of experimental labs and simulation environment. Energy efficiency and delay performance of existing routing protocols are not good enough as they do not consider energy as a parameter and thus need to be optimized. In this research two existing concepts; adding Adaptive Redundancy and Crosslayer routing to improve delay and energy efficiency respectively are merged to form a new routing model. Furthermore, the proposed model of Crosslayer Back Pressure Routing with Adaptive Redundancy has been tested and compared with existing routing protocols using NS-3 and found to have the best delay and energy performance.enThesis