Lama, Pushpa Raj2023-09-262023-09-262016https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14540/19978This Thesis entitled ‘Livelihood Strategy of Bote People’ was conducted in Karmaiya VDC of Sarlahi District. The study has focused on the marginalized ethnic group of Bote people and explores livelihood patterns of Bote community of Nepal. The aim of this study is to analyze the livelihood, adaptive and sustainability issues. It attempts to do in-depth micro-regional analysis of the themes identified with respect to the marginalized communities living within the Terai area where the Botes people live in Karmaiya VDC of Sarlahi District. This study has been used purposive sampling method under non-probability sampling for the selection of the samples. This study has used descriptive cum analytical research design and has based on primary data collected from the field by employing different tools and techniques of data collection such as household survey through structure questionnaire, key informant interview, field observation, informal discussion. The sources of livelihood of rural people are mainly through cash crops, horticulture, animal husbandry, dairy, poultry, piggery, fishery, organic farming- vermin compost, handicrafts, rural artisans, and non-timber forest products etc. which are also followed by the Bote people of the study area. Dependence on wage labour, mostly of the unskilled and underpaid variety, is another important source of livelihood for majority of Botes in the study area. Bote unskilled labours migrate to the urban center for wage labour especially during lean agricultural periods. Botes have lots of hardship and drudgery in their livelihood earning. The study has found that out of total 63 percent Botes are living in the nuclear family whereas 37 percent are living in joint family.Study has found that majority of Bote peoples were middle age group between 16-59 years. It indicates economically active age group of the Botes. Out of 60 household, 32 percent Bote has thatched roof, 65 percent household have tile roof and 3percent RBC roof houses and it symbolizes the poor economic condition of Botes. In terms of education, 45 percent population belongs to informal education whereas 23 percent of Bote population is illiterate. Historically Bote people had their livelihood from agriculture based activities. Land was a major household asset and crop production (Maize, paddy, wheat Dall etc) was the means of survival. But rapid urbanization and globalization pushed them in the transition providing both opportunities and constraints. The household assets have undergone rapid modification. Now they have no option other than modifying the traditional occupation. Land fragmentation, change in social institution, resulted from the urbanization and globalization. The livelihood diversification and introducing of foreign employment have recently emerged livelihood strategies of the people in the study area. Due to the proximity to the market, the influence of the urbanization is more apparent in the Bote Village. In the study area most of the households follow the multiple occupations besides agriculture. The role of agriculture activities in their life is substantial. Livelihood difficulty reflects on unprofitable farming activities or un-remunerative employment, which may not even allow the poor family to meet their basic needs. So, it is inevitable to identify and disseminate the effective livelihood strategy, especially, for the improvement of livelihood of Botes. It is necessary to ensure access to resources and increase social and political participation of Bote community for integral development of rural community in Nepal.en-USBote communityTraditional livelihoodThesis