Browsing by Author "Acharya, Krishna Prasad"

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    Inflection in Diasporic Formation through Gender and Sexuality in Amy Tan's The Kitchen God's Wife and Jhumpa Lahiri's The Lowland
    (2017) Acharya, Krishna Prasad
    Amy Tan's The Kitchen God's Wife and Jhumpa Lahiri's The Lowland share a common platform of critical analysis. Winnie, Helen, and Pearl in The Kitchen God's Wife, and Subash, Gauri, Bela, and Meghna in The Lowland are the representative figures of the Asian American dispora. Their plight is the plight of inflection in diasporic formation through gender and sexuality. Therefore, the conventionalized nation of diaspora has been redrawn from the perspective of inflection through gender and sexuality. The way Winnie, Helen, and Pearl gain their inflected diasporic identity has an analoguous resonance with the way Subash, Gauri, Bela, and Meghna are bound to manufacture the similar identity of an inflected diaspora through gender and sexuality. Thus, this dissertation has aimed at bringing the issue of inflection in diasporic formation through gender and sexuality - particularly with the critical analysis of Amy Tan's The Kitchen God's Wife and Jhumpa Lahiri's The Lowland - to the forefront of academic, theoretical, and literary discussion.
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    Risk Factors Affecting Poverty in Nepal: Statistical Modeling Approach
    (Institute of Science & Technology, 2023-07) Acharya, Krishna Prasad
    Poverty is one of the main problems of developing countries, like Nepal and its reduction is a central issue. The identification of its determinants to reduce the monetary poverty is one of the key issues. According to previous studies, log-binomial regression model (LBRM) is a good option to logistic regression model (LRM) for common outcomes, mostly used in the analysis of clinical and epidemiological data. However, the use of LBRM and the comparison with LRM for data on poverty has not been discussed yet. The objectives of this study are to identify the important risk factors, to compare the LRM and LBRM in identifying the risk factors and estimating their effects on poverty in Nepal, and to assess the stability of the model through bootstrapping method. The data used for the analysis is the cross-sectional household level data (n = 5988) of Nepal Living Standard Survey 2010/11. All the data required for this study are not available in the provided household level data file of 5,988 households but are available in the individual level data file of 28,670 individuals. The individual level data are converted into household level data in order to generate the data on a number of variables, and merged into the main data file. With the support of rigorous review of literature and the availability of the variables in the dataset, seven possible independent variables have been considered for both the LRM and LBRM. They are: sex of household head (female / male), literacy status of household head (illiterate / literate), status of remittance recipient of household (no / yes), status of land ownership (no / yes), household with access to nearest market center (poor / better), number of children under 15 years (more than two / at most two), and number of literate members of working age population (WAP) (none / at least one). The response variable is household poverty (poor / non-poor). Implementing the stepwise forward and backward selection procedure with all these seven variables for the development of each final multiple regression model, only six variables except sex of household head has come out statistically significant at 5% level of significance. The LRM has yielded the odds ratio (OR) and LBRM has yielded risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval estimate (CIE) for each covariate. Diagnostics of the model, the goodness of fit test, a risk assessment based on the presence of variables, and the stability of each model has been carried out. The classification and discrimination of the LRM has been also assessed. LRM and LBRM have been compared with respect to different criteria such as selection of covariates, effect size and its precision. The model's good fit test using and test of model's diagnostics criteria has also been compared. Further, the comparisons have also been made in risk assessment on the bais of factors present in the model, stability of the model and convergence failure problem. The effect size in terms of OR and in RR of six factors in each final model namely illiterate household head (OR: 2.20, 95% CIE: 1.86 – 2.61, p < 0.001; RR: 1.68, 95% CIE: 1.49 – 1.89, p < 0.001), remittance non recipient household (OR: 1.90, 95% CIE: 1.64 – 2.20, p < 0.001; RR: 1.45, 95% CIE: 1.33 – 1.59, p < 0.001), household with no land holdings (OR: 1.53, 95% CIE: 1.31 – 1.78, p < 0.001; RR: 1.22, 95% CIE: 1.11 – 1.34, p < 0.001), household with poor access to market center (OR: 1.77, 95% CIE: 1.52 – 2.07, p < 0.001; RR: 1.51, 95% CIE: 1.34 – 1.69, p < 0.001), household having > 2 children aged under 15 (OR: 4.69, 95% CIE: 4.06 – 5.42, p < 0.001; RR: 2.96, 95% CIE: 2.66 – 3.28, p < 0.001) and household not having literate members of WAP (OR: 1.29, 95% CIE: 1.07 – 1.56, p < 0.001; RR: 1.16, 95% CIE: 1.05 – 1.29, p < 0.001) are significantly associated with the likelihood of poverty. For each covariate, the OR is overestimated than that of RR. There is narrower 95% CIE of RR than that of OR for each covariate. It shows that RR is more precise than OR. Greater elevation in risk in LRM compared to LBRM varies from 13% to 173%. In each model, there is no convergence issues have been countered, where both the models are equally stable as assessed by bootstrapping procedure. Almost all variables are repeated 100% times among 1000 times repetition. The visual assessments of diagnostics of each model are reasonably satisfactory. There is considerable acceptable discrimination of LRM (AUC: 0.78) and model correct classification values of 67.15%. The good fit of the model is satisfied by LRM [ with 8 d.f.= 6.05, p = 0.53] but not satisfied by LBRM [ with 8 d.f.= 28.60, p = 0.0004]. Since the LRM satisfied the majority of requirements of model performance instead of some limitations, this model seems to be better than the LBRM for this data set. Nevertheless, the LBRM is an option for the LRM since it has better accuracy and avoids overestimating effect size. The findings of this study are expected to be useful for researchers and policy makers in the relevant field.
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    Status of Landownership and its Impact on Rural Livelihood A Case Study of Rudrapur Vdc, Rupandehi District
    (Central Departmental of Rural Development, 2015) Acharya, Krishna Prasad
    The thesis entitled, " Status of Land Ownership and Its Impacts on Rural Livelihood: A Case Study of Rudrapur VDC, Rupandehi District)" highlights on the impact of having land and its role on Livelihood of rural people. The objective of this study is to analyze the status of land ownership and its' impact on local people of Rudrapur VDC. The present study was carried out in Rudrapur VDC of Rupandehi district, which is located in the Western Development Region in Lumbini Zone. The study has been based on both secondary and primary data and information. Secondary data were used to present the background of the study and supplement and complement the findings of the study. Rudrapur VDC of Rupandehi district was selected for the study where population the total population 20,689 and 4567 households (CBS 2068 BS) total. Among them 90 household were selected by using random sampling techniques. Household survey has been taken from the selected household, using questionnaire. Nepal is agricultural country more than 70% population are depended in agriculture which has directly related to land. Land Ownership is one of the important means farmers because if they have no land certificate they should pay some crops of the production or land revenue to others like Guthi, and other institution because such so called social organization also claims on the land. This study is significant for those who want to study the impact of land ownership on local people living in Rudrapur VDC. While analyzing the socio economic status of the respondents it found that 44.44% are male and remaining 55.56% are female. In the study area female respondents are more than male respondents. 77.78% are between 20 to 30 years old age group. Similarly 17.78% are between 30 to 40 years old age group, 35.56% are between 40 to 50 years old group, 28.89% are between 50 to 60 years old age group and remaining 10% are more than 60 years old. According to data high number of respondents is between 40 to 50 years old age group and low number of respondents is between 20 to 30 years old group. Most of the respondents are married. 27.78% are Brahmins/Chhetri, 37.78% are Tharu likewise 18.89% are Madhesi and remaining 15.56% are others like Dalit, Magar, Gugung etc. In the study area most of the household fulfill their lack of food from labor. Most of the respondents faced various problems in their life because of not having own land such as they could not draw loan from financial institution and Banks . They felt humiliation while other people behave them as sukumbashi though they have land since their ancestor time. Sometime Jamindar and government forest department create threaten to them. Government had made various commissions to solve the problem though the problem is same in the study area it should be solved as soon as possible. Getting land in one name is human right so human rights activist should think about the issue and should advocate. Government forest department and land department should work in collaboration and solve the problem. Government should make one independents commission to solve the problem. Political parties should conscious about the problems
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    A Study on Perception and Practices of Secondary Level Mathematics Teachers Towards Student-Centered Teaching Method
    (Faculty of Education, 2011) Acharya, Krishna Prasad
    This study has been carried out to find the "Perception and Practices of Secondary Level Mathematics Teachers towards Student-Centered Teaching Method". In particularly, this study attempts to find the teachers' perception and practices on student centered teaching method in mathematics classroom. It also seeks to find the gaps between perception and practices of teachers on student centered teaching method. I used semi-structured interviews with mathematics teachers and class observation to collect primary data from ten secondary schools of Pokhara valley in Kaski district. Among them, five teachers are from public schools and five teachers are from private schools. The major finding of this study shows that the teachers' perception towards student centered teaching method is satisfactory but in practice they often used lecture method and traditional problem solving method. This study has been organized into five chapters. First chapter deals with introduction of the topic in which, background of the study, statement of the problem, significance of the study, objectives, definition of the terms and limitations of the study were included. Chapter two deals about review of related literature. Chapter three deals about methodology, in which research design of the study, population of the study, sample, tools of the study, data collection procedure and data analysis procedure were included. Chapter four covered analysis and interpretation of teachers' responses and various sectors. And the last chapter presented summary, findings, conclusion and recommendations. References and appendices are presented in the final part of this study.
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    A Study on the Proficiency of Tenth Graders in The Use of Articles
    (Department of English Education, 2007) Acharya, Krishna Prasad
    The main purpose of this study is to find out proficiency of the Tenth Grades ofSurkhet District in using articles by comparing different variables interms of areaand sex. This study differs from the others in its sample population, area of thestudy and statistical tool applied. For collecting data, the researcher took one hundred sample students studying inGrade Ten from Ten Secondary Schools (5 from rural area and 5 from urban area)of Surkhet district 10 students from each school in equal sex ratio were selectedrandomly and administered the test itemsmeant for them. The study found that the average score of the Tenth Graders of Surkhet district is32.63. In totality, 50% students were above average and 50% students were belowaverage. Thus, the students were constantly proficient in the use of articlesbecause their performance was equal in both above and below average. Thestudents of urban area were found to be more proficient than thoseof schools ofrural areasby 12%. Boys were found more proficient than thoseof girls by 8%.Both boys and girls of schools of urban area were better than that of schools ofrural area. The study has been presented four chapters: Introduction, Methodology, Analysisand Interpretation and Findings and Recommendations. The first chapter deals with general background, English in Nepal, importance ofgrammar, language teaching and language testing, proficiency test articles inEnglish review of related literature, objectives of the study, definition terms andsignificance of the study. The second chapter deals with sources of data, population of the study, tools forcollecting data process of data collection and limitation of the study.