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Item MUSIC RECOGNITION USING DEEP LEARNING(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-04) KHANAL, PRADEEP KUMAR; KAYASTHA, ACHYUT; KHATAKHO, ASHISHIn our daily lives, we often listen to songs that we like and enjoy. However, there may be instances when we are in transit or at venues such as clubs or restaurants, and we hear a song playing in the background that catches our attention. We may desire to listen to this song again at a later time, but unfortunately, we may not be aware of the title of the song. As a result, we are unable to locate and listen to it again. Our project, titled “Music Recognition Using Deep Learning,” aims to provide a convenient solution for identifying songs that are heard in various locations. While there are several existing popular applications, such as Shazam, SoundHound, and Google Sound Search, which offer music recognition services, we conducted an in-depth study of papers related to these apps to identify appropriate technologies and algorithms for our project. Our project employs a deep neural network that leverages a contrastive learning approach for the purpose of song recognition. Initially, a large collection of songs is gathered and subjected to signal processing techniques, including Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT), mel filter bank, and decibel scale to generate log mel-spectrograms. These log mel-spectrograms are then fed into the neural network, which is trained to generate a fingerprint for each song at the segment level. These fingerprints are stored in a database.Item ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD STORAGE AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING BLOCKCHAIN(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-05) KABDAR, PRABHAT KIRAN; THAKUR, PRIYA; KARKI, ROHAN; ARJYAL, SHREEMAbove all else, a person’s health is the most important thing, so any personnel’s medical records are unquestionably a very sensitive and priceless resource.If this knowledge is given to the wrong people, they may misuse it in unfathomable ways. The conventional form of paper file storage looks to be the most dangerous method of storage, although being used today. Additionally, computerized folder systems for storing records are not very trustworthy and may allow the relevant authority to abuse them. However, handling such data would have been made much simpler if the patient had been given complete control over who should have access to these sensitive information by cutting out the middleman. The blockchain concept is presented at this point since it has proven to be a great technology for decentralized data storage. Data security is best ensured by blockchain decentralized apps that link several entities, including as patients, doctors, and laboratories.Item Tracing Synchronous Generator's Capability Curve for Better Visualization of Its Operating Condition(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-09) Gyawali, BimalThe operation of both new and existing synchronous machine power plants must take into account entirely new requirements as a result of the quicker shift to renewable energy sources. Capability diagrams are essential for assessing synchronous machines' efficiency and operating ranFtge under various loading conditions. Also, change of machine parameters due to magnetic saturation may cause the originally provided capability curve insufficient to obtain an accurate operating region. The study presented in this thesis work fulfils the need for actual visualization of capability diagrams using the MATLAB software environment for both cylindrical and non-cylindrical rotor type synchronous machines. Initially, the capability curve of machines is plotted considering the limiting conditions and after that the simulation and study of variation on the PQ loading after occurrence of possible disturbance scenarios on the power system network is carried out in PSAT (Power System Analysis Toolbox) software. The Generator capability curve is developed in MATLAB software environment for both cylindrical and non-cylindrical rotor type machines and from the data obtained after time domain simulation in PSAT applied on an IEEE 9 and 14 bus power system the operating scheme of one round rotor generating unit of each test system is discovered in developed diagram.Item ECO-RESORT(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2023) Shrestha, BipinThis is a proposal for the thesis project which is the basis for the completion of the degree of Bachelor's in architecture in the Institute of Engineering. The Topic chosen for the thesis is "ECO-RESORT''. Nepal is blessed with numerous natural beauty and carries the high potential to increase the source of income through tourism. But since tourism heavily relies on facilities and recreation, it has adverse impact on environment because of pollution, inefficient energy planning, deforestation, environment degradation, to sum up unplanned tourism. Hence. there is the need of ecotourism. Thus, the proposed project. will address ecotourism, take an approach that is capacity building and regenerative. It will deliver an eco-resort that caters the relationship of nature and tourism with less impact on environment, increase awareness of tourist and local environment. utilizes local products, provides recreation and amenities grounded on the site as far as possible.Item ‘ABATTOIR’ A HEALTHY MEAT PLANT IN THE CITY(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2023) NEPAL, SAMIPHealth is our wealth. We must be concerned about the food we eat and where do we get out food from. One such essential food industry is the meat industry. In Nepal, the meat we get from the local Abattoirs is dirty, unchecked and full of diseases. We, the stakeholders don’t care about how the meat we are having is brought from the meat animals and how it is being brought into the market without a proper reviewed system. So, we must know about how the slaughter is being done inside our slaughterhouses, how the functioning of different areas takes place and how the produced wastes are being treated. People must be aware about the meat we are buying and what we are having as our food. This study sheds light on the different slaughtering process, the spaces layout and function inside the slaughterhouse. Not only that how a proper humane slaughter can be done respecting all the animal welfare guidelines is being presented in this study. The methodology being implied during this report involves: i) literature review and data collection from secondary sources like journals, news articles, books, research papers and internet websites. ii) national case studies on abattoir and data and information regarding it.Item CENTRE FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2023) GUPTA, DIKSHYAAutism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disability caused due to differences in the brain. People with ASD often have problems with social communication and interaction, and restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests. People with ASD may also have different ways of learning, moving, or paying attention. The cases of autism spectrum disorder are increasing at an exponential rate. In April 2018, the CDC reported that 1 in 59 children in the US had a diagnosis of autism. The current study, however, updates this figure and estimates that roughly 1 in 40 children in the US have a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1 in 160 children worldwide has ASD. According to a report by the Autism Care Nepal Society, about 300,000 children suffer from autism in Nepal. Awareness about autism is very scarce and next to nonexistent in most parts of the nation. ASD affects the way people communicate, behave, or interact with others, and generally, these symptoms manifest at the young age of 12 months to 2 years. In lack of awareness and diagnosis of ASD these young children when in need of more attention and help are shunned and isolated from the community. There is a very limited number of NGOs working for the welfare and rehabilitation of children with autism, which are not properly designed. The focus is given only on the therapies and skill development while the environmental factors are considered to be neglected. The study will explore the physical and psychological needs of children with autism.Item STUDY AND FABRICATION OF THERMOELECTRIC REFRIGERATOR WITH ITS PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-03) Thapa, Mahesh; Jha, Rahul Kumar; Thapa, SarojA thermoelectric refrigeration system is a solid-state cooling technology that utilizes the Peltier effect to create a temperature difference across a thermoelectric module (TEM). The system is highly versatile, reliable, and environment-friendly, making it a suitable alternative to conventional refrigeration systems. Small size, portability, zero emission, noise free, economical are some of its advantageous features. This project/study presents an overview of the thermoelectric refrigeration system, including its operating principle, design and fabrication and its performance analysis. The performance test of the fabricated model was done in different conditions: (i) varying hot-side heat sink (fan enhanced heat pipe and normal air cooling) ii) Varying the shape of cold side heat sink having same surface area iii) Varying the air circulation method through cold side heat sink iv) Varying the number of modules under same hot side heat sink. It was found that a fan enhanced heat pipe decreased the cabin temperature by 5.6 °C more than a normal air cooling system. Also, using tunnel arrangement at cold side fins improved air circulation which resulted in decreasing the cabin temperature by 1.4°C more. Higher number of modules was found inefficient when the heat dissipation rate of the hot side heat sink is limited. Additionally, this study highlights the current scenario in thermoelectric cooling technology and its potential applications in various industries, such as electronics, aerospace, and healthcare.Item A STUDY ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENVIRONMENTAL EMISSIONS AND ENERGY SECURITY OF LIMESTONE BASED CEMENT INDUSTRIES IN NEPAL: CASE STUDY OF HETAUDA CEMENT INDUSTRY LIMITED(HCIL)(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-03) Sapkota, Sobit; Subedi, Subarna; Dahal, UtsavThis study is aimed at examining the energy efficiency, energy intensity, environmental emissions reduction potential and energy security scenario of Hetauda Cement Industry Limited (HCIL) in Nepal. The research is being conducted with the objective of studying an existing benchmark for the energy intensity of the cement industry in Nepal and to examine the energy security risks for the limestone-based cement industries relying on imported energy. A study of the energy efficiency of the HCIL identifies that for the past five years specific power consumption has gradually increased from 223 kWh per ton to 295 kWh per ton of cement. The capacity utilization of the plant was below 50%. The plant's continuous operation over the last 36 years has reduced the efficiency of various plant equipment, increased breakdown time, increased production costs, and increased other indirect losses. Study suggests ways to optimize energy usage and reduce costs with lighting improvement with payback period of around 2 years, a gravel bed filter installation to emission control with payback of 3 years and waste heat recovery unit of 1.2 MW electricity capacity with payback of 14 yearsItem STUDY OF ENERGY SCENARIO AND IMPROVEMENT OPPORTUNITIES OF ICT BUILDING, PULCHOWK CAMPUS(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2023-03) ARYAL, HRICHA; SAH, JANU KUMAR; BHUJEL, PUJAThe sharp increase in the building energy requirements, mostly in the commercial and residential sector represent a major energy challenge in the present world. The energy audit of existing buildings has received a great deal of attention due to its potential of identifying energy efficiency improvement measures and implement them for sustainable energy development in these sectors. In order to assess the patterns of energy use and to make specific suggestions to increase energy consumption efficiency and lower energy costs, an energy audit was conducted in Information, Communication and Technology Center (ICTC), Pulchowk Campus. The case study is presented in this report. A walkthrough was performed to specify the required field of study for potential energy saving. The building factors such as single pane glass, CFL bulbs, minimal use of installed solar PV electricity, uninsulated walls, unmaintained HVAC units and other equipment are costing a lot to the building.Item Design, Build and Test Small Scale Liquid Rocket Engine(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2023-03) Mishra, Krishna Kant; Gautam, Prajwal; Yadav, PrakashThe project entitled, “Design, Build and Test Small Scale Liquid Rocket Engine” reports about the liquid rocket engine which is a device in which liquid propellant is used to produce thrust. In this project at least 200N of thrust is aimed to be generated. This project aims to generate thrust by using liquid propellant which is the combination of oxidizer and fuel. This project is an experimental study of the amount of thrust produced by the liquid rocket engine and design of various components needed to achieve the project target. The combustion chamber, nozzle, cylinder and fuel selection and design are focused and thus the target of the project is being achieved. This project helps us implement our knowledge and understanding of propulsion system and make us practically study its behavior which will surely be helpful for enhancing our knowledge and understanding of the propulsion phenomenon.Item EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BLENDED WING BODY UAS WITH VTOL CONFIGURATION(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-03) Bhattarai, Mahesh; Bhandari, Nabin; Sah, RoshaniThe present study looked into the aerodynamic properties of blended-wing-body (BWB) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAS) with vertical takeoff and landing capabilities (VTOL). The UAS's innovative design allows for VTOL and hovering capabilities similar to multi-copter drones, as well as cruise flying efficiency comparable to fixedwing aircraft in an effective and dependable manner. The creation of lift by the complete airframe and the decrease of drag in the wing body attachment are benefits of the BWB concept. Based on the calculated wing parameters, a baseline design was developed in XFLR5 and few parameters like sweep, dihedral and twist were varied continuously to obtain the most efficient design. The maximum L/D ratio obtained was 17 and calculated stall velocity was 12 m/s. The final design was then developed in CATIA and plane maker, and flight test was performed in X-Plane 11. By constructing parts out of Styrofoam and aluminum rod, a model was created. Four motors were used for vertical take-off and an electronic ducted fan was used for forward thrust. Pixhawk 4 was used as flight controller. The flight test was performed in three different modes: pure fixed wing, pure quad and hybrid VTOL mode. Initially, the fixed wing and quad mode test were performed individually. Then quad mode was enabled in the fixed wing configuration and transition from VTOL to fixed wing was performed. This report can serve as a comprehensive resource for learning about aerodynamic phenomena, fundamental design concepts, and fabrication techniques.Item USING DEAL.II FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF A MEDICAL OXYGEN CYLINDER(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-03) MAGAR, HIMAL KUMAR RANA; BASNET, KHIM BAHADUR; GHIMIRE, LILANATHMedical Oxygen Cylinders being convenient containers for transportation and storage of oxygen gas has wide range of applications in industries and hospitals. Storing oxygen at high pressure in cylinders increases the risk of structural failure. This study aims to develop a program based on open source C++ library for Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in thin-walled cylinders and to apply the program to perform structural analysis and safety assessment of medical oxygen cylinders operating below their working pressure. To achieve this goal, a literature review was conducted to identify gaps in the use of open-source software for FEA in thin-walled cylinders. Open source FEA library called deal.ii was used to construct the program. This C++ based program was verified by comparing it with the hoop stress results from theoretical calculation and ANSYS for a simple hollow cylinder. The study then proceeded to create a detailed CAD model of the medical oxygen cylinder for a parametric study for varying wall thickness and material. The model was simplified and meshed for FEA, with pressure and fixity constraints applied during simulation. The parametric simulations were run through the developed program which showed that maximum hoop stress occurs in the region around neck of the cylinder. The methodology involved verification of the program by comparing the results with that of ANSYS and theoretical calculations in case of simple hollow cylinder in which maximum error was found to be 0.875 %. Parametric analysis for variying material and thickness found that the cylinder with larger thickness i.e., 5.6 mm, and material 37MnSi5 undergoes through the smallest deformation. The development of the open-source software will provide a valuable resource for future research and development in this field, as well as contribute to the enhancement of the safety and reliability of medical oxygen cylinders.Item SUPERSONIC NOZZLE TEST USING HIGH PRESSURE COMPRESSOR(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2023-03) Gautam, Bibek; Budhathoki, Kamal; Sitoula, ManjilDesign procedures of the supersonic converging-diverging nozzle along with visualization of the supersonic compressible flow using the optical methods (shadowgraph and schlieren) is presented. CD nozzle was designed using the online MATLAB code [17] giving more emphasis on the diverging section. Subsonic flow at the circular inlet was augmented to the sonic velocity at the rectangular throat. Further the flow becomes supersonic at the diverging section which was also rectangular in cross section. The design of planar nozzle was made such that flow properties remains the same along the planes between the walls. Significant pressure ratio, creating sonic flow at the throat and a bigger pressure difference is what causes the usual shock wave to originate within the diverging segment. Back pressure's influence causes it to go from the throat to the outlet region as the pressure gradient rises. According to the ambient pressure, a further rise in the pressure differential can result in a flow that is either perfectly expanded or under-expanded. The experimental setup was designed in such a way that the thrust from the nozzle don’t interfere with the flow visualization process. The flow shows high gradient in pressure, temperature and density. The flows visualized using these optical methods were as expected. The property of shadowgraph photography to de-emphasize the less abrupt flow made the visualization of flow characteristics easier.Item Design and Construction of Satellite Tracking Rotator and Ground Station for Low Earth Orbit Satellites(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-03) Bagale, Amulya; Adhikari, Ankit; Thapa, SagarThe report entitled “DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SATELLITE TRACKING ROTATOR AND GROUND STATION FOR LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITES” presents the design and construction of a ground station and rotator utilizing a helical antenna that is compatible with the SatNOGS database. The ground station comprises a support structure, a helical antenna, a rotator and a radio receiver. The selection of a helical antenna is justified by its directional pattern and high gain, making it optimal for satellite tracking. A rotator is integrated to monitor the satellite's movement across the sky while the radio receiver decodes the signals. The SatNOGS database provides a comprehensive catalogue of satellite orbits and schedules that can be used to plan observations. Building a ground station with a helical antenna and rotator allows for satellite tracking and communication, contributing to the network of satellite tracking stations worldwide. This report delves into the details of the ground station's design and construction, including the necessary components, support structure and software required for optimal operation. Additionally, the use of the SatNOGS database for scheduling observations and monitoring their progress is explained. The report concludes with a discussion of the potential applications of the ground station, including future scope and satellite operations.Item Techno-Economic Analysis of Energy Saving Opportunity by Insulating the Medical Autoclave(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-03) Dhakal, Aman; Paudel, Anup; Subedi, BinayaAutoclaves are used in the most of the hospitals of Nepal for the sterilization process where most of them are u insulatedItem DYNAMIC MODELLING AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A CONVERTED ELECTRIC VEHICLE DRIVEN BY INDUCTION MOTOR(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2023-03) SHRESTHA, AAROGYA; MAHARJAN, ANAM; MANANDHAR, SUBINThis comprehensive study details the modeling and performance analysis of the drive train of a converted electric vehicle to determine the appropriate gear ratio and battery pack for the vehicle conversion project. The resistive force model and drive cycle simulations are used for determining the power and torque requirements of the motor in order to select the appropriate gear. The effect of vehicle mass, rolling resistance, and torque requirements significantly affect the vehicle's performance and driving range. The drivetrain modeled in MATLAB/Simulink provides a comprehensive view of the system's behavior, including the battery state of charge, battery current, and motor power considering the battery's internal resistance and power losses in the motor. Overall, the analysis described suggests that the chosen LiFePO4 battery cells, coupled with an appropriate gear ratio, should be able to provide sufficient power and driving range for the vehicle in the selected drive cycles. The vehicle coupled in the 2nd gear provided the mileage of 0.173 kWhr/km for HWFET drive cycle. In the developed drive cycle, the vehicle has a mileage of 0.231 kWhr/km. However, it is essential to test the system thoroughly in real-world conditions to validate the simulation results and optimize the system's performance.Item Development of an Unmanned Aerial System for Radio Frequency Source Localization(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2023-03) Poudel, Keshav; Regmi, Prabhav; Parajuli, SandeshRadio-based direction finding is an old concept for manned aircraft where a pilot manually flies towards the directed bearing. However, it is a relatively new field of study for unmanned aerial systems like quad-rotors especially motivated by the desire of making the homing process autonomous. In this study, the received signal strength method to localize the radio source has been applied and tested. The proposed method employs a UAS equipped with a radio frequency (RF) receiver to get RSSI readings from the RF source. The obtained RSSI measurements at three receiving locations are converted to approximate distances from the transmitter using a log-distance path loss model, and the localization algorithm based on trilateration is run onboard the microcomputer to localize the radio transmitter. Through simulations and experiments, the performance of the suggested method is assessed. The verification mission employing the suggested technique localized the RF source with a distance error of 15.8 meters and an angle error of 8.62 degrees, at best, whereas the actual UAS-based flight localized it to the distance accuracy of 25 meters, and the angle accuracy of 8.32 degrees at a test domain of 100 meters radius.Item Techno-Economic Analysis and Environmental Benefit Study of Conversion of Gasoline Motorcycle to Electric(IOE Pulchowk Campus, 2023-03) Pandit, Arpan Upadhyay; Dahal, Rupesh; Bhusal, TilakThis research compared the environmental, technological, and fiscal advantages of switching from gas-powered to electric bikes. During the analysis, it is established that purchasing a brand-new gasoline motorbike is more expensive than converting a motorcycle to run on electricity. Additionally, compared to a gasoline-powered motorbike, the yearly fuel cost for an electric motorcycle was considerably cheaper, yielding considerable savings over time. The research took into account the environmental advantages of electronic bikes, which don't emit any emissions directly and can run on renewable energy. The findings demonstrated that converting a motorbike from fuel to electricity provided significant financial and environmental advantages. Less than three years were needed for the conversion to pay for itself, and over a ten-year span, there were sizable total savings. While switching from petroleum to electric bikes may help lessen air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and our reliance on fossil fuels. According to the established statistics and data collected from different resources and calculating them, converting existing bikes to electric vehicles is a practical choice for lowering emissions associated with mobility and reaching sustainable development objectives.Item SMART TRIAL SYSTEM(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2023-03) SHAKYA, AYUSH; ATAL, DEWASHISH; KARN, PRASHANNA; PANDIT, PRASHANNA RAJDriving is a common and important mode of transportation in the daily lives of people. It allows people to move freely and independently from one place to another. To drive legally in Nepal, as in most countries, a person requires a driving license, for which he/she has to undergo a series of tests in the government office. In Nepal, a candidate applying for a license has to drive over a fixed path in front of the authorities. The candidate has to complete the test in accordance with specific rules and if he fails to do so he/she will be disqualified. Manually monitoring the errors of the candidates is done by these authorities. Also, the issue of bribery for obtaining a driver’s license is a significant problem in Nepal. To address this issue, we have proposed an AI-based solution named CarSight. CarSight is a Computer Vision model designed to analyze visual data from cameras that verifies whether a driver has passed or failed the driving test. It uses YOLO-v5 to detect and track the motion of the trial vehicles in a set of real-time videos obtained from cameras placed around the model track. The system gives an instant pass or fails result depending on the driver’s performance once they finish the trial exam. The accuracy of detecting and evaluating the driver’s performance was successfully demonstrated by our experimental results for our system. Our proposed system can help to bring fairness in the process of obtaining a driver’s license.Item FABRICATION OF PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY SETUP FOR EXPERIMENTATION AT LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2023-03) Dhungana, Ganesh; Gautam, Sandip; Karki, YukeshParticle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a widely utilized experimental technique for fluid analysis, particularly in low Reynolds number flow. This paper describes the design fabrication process of the PIV setup and its application for studying the flow over a flat plate (with a chord of 76.33 mm) at low Reynolds numbers ranging from 2,000 to 10,000. The PIV system employs a class IIIB laser to illuminate a plane of seeding particles, a highspeed camera (Chronos 2.1), and a smartphone camera to capture the frames at frame rates of 100 fps and 16 fps, respectively. Sequential frames are cross-correlated using PIVlab, a MATLAB-based image processing application for PIV, to generate two-dimensional velocity fields. The velocity field data obtained are analyzed to identify low Reynolds number flow features, such as laminar separation bubble, reattachment point, turbulent mixing, and trailing edge vortex shedding pattern. Furthermore, the experimental results are compared to the results from numerical simulation carried over same geometry at similar Reynolds number. Finally, different sources of errors in the experimental setup, image