Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2012-08"
Now showing 1 - 18 of 18
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Cultural Alienation of Indian Diaspora in Lahiri’s “Unaccustomed Earth”(Faculty Arts in English, 2012-08) Chudal, Bimala DeviThis research, fashioned after Jhumpa Lahiri's “Unaccustomed Earth,” is an endeavor to expose mediocrities, generational gap, and the searching analysis of Indian traditions, marriage and social life of immigrant Bengali-Americans living as an inborded labores in foreign land. This work examines Lahiri's immigrant characters and their experiences as second generation of Bengali immigrants in America in the light of postcolonial critical insights. In other words, this work is an effort to clarify the research question if the life in exile is the unbearable rift forced between a human being and a native place, between the self and its true home. Each and every attempt in this paper resonates with Lahiri's discovery of alienated self in her characters in the title story “Unaccustomed Earth.”Item Representation of Subaltern Voices in Sangraula’s Junkiriko Sangeet(Central Department of English Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2012-08) Khadka, Dambar BahadurThis research is the study of subaltern representation and the predicament of being the outcaste and hegemonized in the caste-based society in Khagendra Sangraula’s novel Junkiriko Sangeet. The writer has strongly advocated the need for the subaltern resistance to the neo-colonial European models of education, development, and the forms of entertainment which are exported by Europe so as to maintain the hegemonic relation to the Third World and to deteriorate the subaltern cultures. For this, the writer has used the strategic essentialism underscoring the need of affirming subaltern identity and resisting the class and caste hegemony. The Damais, Kamis and Sarkis and other socially marginalized, voiceless subalterns are led to the subaltern consciousness; from the horrendous circumstances of the poor dalits devouring ‘sino’ or the rotten flesh of dead cattle brought from the house of higher caste Hindu elites to the formation of a united group to protest against the evils of caste system.Item Effect of Dystopia in the Life of Teris in Veronica Roth’s Divergent(Central Department of English Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2012-08) Aryal, DeepaNot availableItem Commercial Vegetable Farming and Its Impact on Women Empowerment: A Case Study on Hemja VDC Kaski(Central Department of Rural Development Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 2012-08) Acharya, RebatiThis thesis report entitled Commercial Vegetable Farming And its Impact on Women Empowerment: A Study on Hemja VDC Kaski District an analysis of women status in the study area. The main objectives of the study are to find out the socio-economic status of women in the study area, to determine the level of empowerment before and after commercial vegetable farming and in sum to identify the impact of commercial vegetable farming. This thesis also oriented to find out the women empowerment status in relation to awareness, capacity building, participation in resource mobilization and decision making that lead empowerment and also strengthening women’s institution leading to sustainability. The field survey was conducted in November _ December 2011.Both primary and secondary data and various research techniques have been used. Both quantitative and qualitative information have been collected from the field. The study was based on exploratory and descriptive research design. Field study was undertaken using questionnaire, group discussion and checklist. This study is oriented to find the socio economic condition and problems of women from adopting the commercial vegetable production. The study was carried out in Hemja VDC. The majority of the settlement are Brahmin followed by Chhetri, Dalit and others. In the study area the total population of female is 5519 out of them 1085 women are adopting commercial vegetable farming. Among the women farmers only 50 women farmers were selected purposively. Literacy is one of the prerequisite steps for overall development of individuals and community as well. This study shows the women literacy rate is 88 percent. 54 percent can just read and write. But only 8 percent vi attained higher than S.L.C. However, the situation in literacy has been improving overtime due their economic independence. Nepali social norms and taboos discourage women for decision- making in all sphere of life especially for rural women. In the study area out of 50 respondent 62 percent of them participate in their household decision-making process. But 24 percent of them never participate on household decision-making process. Gradually, commercial vegetable farming bring a positive result on women’s livelihood on the basis of education, economic access, awareness level. Commercial vegetable farming give house to houseless. Social status and identity to the rural women farmersItem Rhetoric of Empire in Mary Kingsley’s Travels in West Africa(Central Department of English, 2012-08) Rana Bhat, Shuv RajIn this dissertation, I provide an analysis of Travels in West Africa by Mary Kingsley that falls within the genre of travel writing, currently a flourishing and highly popular literary genre. Moving away from Kingsley’s insistence on her real or authentic experience during her sojourn in West Africa, I argue that her visit to Africa is motivated by imperial ambition which is evidenced in the rhetoric that threads the text, particularly imperial stylistics, rhetorical tropes and racist discourse. To show this colonial thinking, I accept Mary Louise Pratt’s and David Spurr’s invitations in Imperial Eyes and The Rhetoric of Empire respectively to employ their critical reading strategies to investigate European /British ethnographic discourses of African cultures. In addition to these, I also draw on the methodology of the discourse historical approach developed by Martin Reisigl and Ruth Wodak to explore the development of racialized constructions of West African identity. Contrary to Kingsley’s claim on factual accuracy of her work, my findings show that Africa is negatively constructed as a land to be surveyed, debased, appropriated, negated and conquered by the European power particularly British. Moreover, Africans are constructed as savage, capricious, inferior and undeveloped, clearly justifying British intervention. Many a time, the Africans are defined in terms understandable to the British, fitting them within a scheme that is knowable and acceptable within ethnocentric British ideology. These findings lead me to draw the conclusion that imperial ideology is embedded in the very language the colonizers use. In other words, language is not a neutral entity, carrying transparent meanings but is charged with ideology.Item Financial Perfomance Of Commercial Banks; A Comparative Case Study Of Himalayan Bank Ltd And Everest Bank Ltd(Department of Management, 2012-08) Nyaupane, Him KumariN/AItem Quest for Female Self in Kathryn Hulme’s The Nun’s Story(Central Department of English Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2012-08) Rai, Dhana MayaThis research explores the female’s quest for ‘Self ’ in Kathryn Hulme’s The Nun’s Story. The protagonist of the novel, Gabrielle Van der Mal, turns into a nun as Sister Luke. She has a strong desire to exit from nunnery life but her father and her superior, the priest always restrict her to worldly life and stand as barriers in her quest for self. They are the representatives of the patriarchy and patriarchal society creating the utmost obstacle for the females. Sister Luke is fed up and tired with society which does not allow her to make self decision and create her own self. But Sister Luke resists against the patriarchal rules for feminine freedom and successfully exit from nunnery life. She is victimized physically and mentally by the male characters and Holy-rules. However through her consistent efforts she is able to regain the female self and individuality. At first she refuses to obey the Holy-rules and later does just the opposite to those rules and regulation and keeps on questioning them. Therefore, she leaves nunnery life forever in search for her inner self. Thus, Sister Luke (Gabrielle) represents the female agenda and tries to redraw the boundary of patriarchy prevalent in the society.Item Nature and Culture Praxis: Life-Ritual Performances of Santhal Tribe(Central Department of English, 2012-08) Gautam, DipendraPerformance is that area of study, which generates curiosity in any scholar even in his/her first encounter. I was amazed to see its charm and depth. This thesis is an outcome of an attempt of analyzing performance and performative qualities of Santhal tribe of eastern Nepal. They are, by nature, performative with dances, songs, ideas of colors, decoration, feasts, and celebrations. They display a great deal of performance activities in their special celebrations and also show their unparallel love and attachment to nature. From their settlement pattern to social practices, Santhals are found in close proximity to nature. Festivals are designed to celebrate changes in nature. In fact, Santhals are attuned with nature, agricultural term and seasons. They enjoy nature and celebrate it in each and every cultural and ritual act. But, the important feature of Santhal community is that Performance is essential to carry out such transitions. Even, cultural transitions are also celebrated through rituals. Rituals, in Santhal community, are complete only by means of performance. But, the unique feature of performance in Santhal community is that it brings culture and nature together. Nature is turned into cultural space by means of performance. Performance, which is intrinsically attached to Santhal’s culture, plays the role of a bridge between nature and culture. Nature and culture are brought together into the house, yard, ‘gramthan’ and public places by means of performances. Life rituals: birth, marriages and death in Santhal community engages both nature and culture. There is frequent encounter and interplay between nature and culture, which is made possible through the performance in Santhal community.Item Advocacy for Free Speech in Rushdie’s Haroun and the Sea of Stories(Faculty Arts in English, 2012-08) Katuwal, Narayan KrishnaThis thesis is a study in Haroun and the Sea of Stories, a novel by Salman Rushdie. The research work deals with the magic realism and the allegorical aspect in the novel at different levels. Khattam-Shud, the fundamentalist ruler of Chup allegorizes Ayatollah Khomeini in particular and all the totalitarians, who do not tolerate ensured individual right of expression, get threatened with imaginative power of language and want to censor and poison the stream of expressions and stories. On the contrary, Gupland permits people’s right of free speech, free narrative and thus celebrate the imaginative and creative power of language. Guppees, Rashid and Haroun collectively represent moral and peace loving people who show their courage and honor to rescue the Kahani from the murderous hands of Khattam-Shud. Rashid’s experience with the loss of storytelling gift is similar to that of Rushdie’s experience with censorship. Ayatollah Khomeini imposed a Fatwa upon Rushdie after the publication of The Satanic Verses. Instead of silencing a creative writer such as Rushdie this declaration of death punishment fuels to the creative response which boldly resist the censorship. Through the allegory Rushdie is turning spotlight on the evil qualities of dictators. Rulers are supposed to be protective towards their citizens but Khattam-Shud is destructive one. Rushdie uses this ironic note to criticize the fundamentalist rulers of the world. Through magic realism and allegorical perspective, the thesis concludes that the novel’s meaning and essence lies in its anti-censorship narrative, stressing that a society that allows free speech is always far ahead than the one restricting it.Item Occupational Pattern Change of Dalit People: A Case Study on Soyang Vdc of Ilam District(Central Department of Rural Development Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 2012-08) Chapagain, DeepakThe Occupational Change of the Dalit People is the subject Matter of being concern because no doubt that Nepal very diverse from of various caste, ethnicity and language. Such diversification has been a glory to the country. Every caste has their own social-culture and occupational aspects. Socio- cultural and occupational of any community affects the economy level. Thus the study of socio-economic status of Dalie peoples the general information about overall Dalit. The Dalit people are fully interdependence with other caste people. The socio-economic condition of Dalit is poor than other castes/ethnic groups. Caste -based discrimination and discrimination among religions is gradually decreasing in the society. The study is ''Occupational change of Dalit People'' (A case study on Kami and Damai Community in Soyang VDC-9 in Ilam District). It has been carried out using primary data sources obtained from Dalit people settlement area of Soyang VDC Ilam. The general objective of this study area is to find out the occupational change of Dalit community Soyang VDC in Ilam District. The specific objectives of study area are: i) To Introduce of Dalit in the study area. ii) To study the social aspect of Dalit. iii) To describe the occupational aspect of Dalit. And. iv) TO analyze the occupational condition of Dalit. Descriptive research Design has been adopted for this study and other method of methodology techniques, research Design, data collection and interview, sampling etc are used. There were 60 household of Dalit community Soyang DVC Ilam. 20 of the total household were selected as sample size. To generate the primary data the structured questionnaire key informant interview and observation also limited by simple random sampling from the Dalit household of this VDC only. Large No of Dalit people of this VDC is Poor, Socio-economic and cultural status also poor. The economic condition of Dalit of this study area is not modernized and it is going to traditional way. So, the situation of traditional leather- based occupational is in decreasing sage. Socially Dalit people of this study area are deprived because they have traditional belief towards untouchables where 73.33% were favour in this view and only 26.76 were aware about it. Educational status of Dalit is also not good only 32.96 the total is literate and 56.06 majority of the population was illiterate. Their traditional agriculture system and on unskilled leather-based indigenous occupation had not sufficient for sustain. 66.00% of the respondent prefers new occupation. Their economic status is that for the higher earnings of the income only. They had high expenditure in comparison of their income level so, saving condition is very pooItem Performing Gurung Identity through Thōte: Shift in Ethnic Politics(Central Department of English Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2012-08) Gurung, Pam BahadurThis research is an analytically study of Thōte, one of the Gurung tribal rituals, as a ‘socio-aesthetic mirror’ of Gurung identity. It explores the ritual as a reenactment of the Gurung tribal attributes and aesthetics on the one hand, and a dramatization of the socio-political agendas of their identity politics on the other. The rhythmic pattern of its performance with performers’ face and body painting, other decorations like garlands of ranijhar, tribal music, weapons, and dress code in the village to the carnival nature of mass street procession in the form of a ‘cultural collage’ including even other Gurung cultures, rituals, songs, dances, and individual creations in Pokhara reveal and identify the Gurung tribal identity and aesthetics. As a socio-political mirror, the ritual not only reflects the social, economic, religious, cultural, and geographical aspects of the community, but also most importantly shows a gradual shift in the ethnic politics. The rising identity consciousness of the tribe after the political change of Nepal in 1990 has led to the dialectics between the Thōte performance and the tribe’s identity politics. Due to the dialectics, the ritual performance has become a more per formative political discourse of dramatizing the dialogue between the tribal identity markers and the socio-political forces emerging in the local, national, and global societies. The ritual site, therefore, has turned out to be a space of enacting the intra-communal, inter-communal, and global conflicts where the tribe strategically exploits its tribal attributes, everyday, aesthetics, ‘strategic essential ism,’ and politics of negotiation and fusion to maintain their identity keeping a harmonious but conversational relation to the local, national, and global forces. As a result, the ritual performance and the Gurung identity both are in shift and becoming more cross cultural and global.Item Impact of Infrastructure Development On Society: (A Case Study of Narayan Municipality Ward No. 1, Dailekh)(Central Department of Rural Development Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences Tribhuvan University, 2012-08) Shahi, BikramAvailable with full text.Item Failure of American Dream in Lynn Austin’s All She Ever Wanted(Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2012-08) Acharya, UmeshIn All She Ever Wanted, Lynn Austin pictures the modern Euro- American society and provides the mirror of social circumstances. She unearths the bourgeoisie domination upon the proletariats and presents that the wealth, name and fame are guided by superiority complex, whereas poverty, suffering and failure are guided by the inferiority complex. The novel deals with the experiences of failure in the life of the characters. Kathleen is the central character acting as a role model protagonist. She narrates the whole story and reveals Euro-American socio-economic and socio-political scenario of the post war period. Austin depicts vividly the social panorama, in which the bourgeoisie exploit to the proletariat through the means of social apparatus by imposing hegemony, gradually to rule upon them. American wealthy people exploit the inferior who run to achieve the honey of American dream, to be fuller, richer, better, prosperous and higher in wealthy society. Despite this, every character becomes the victim of the bourgeoisie monopoly system and exploitation. In this research, Fiona gets victimized by the wealthy banker Arthur who has married her only for enjoyment purpose. His fake marriage makes Fiona identity less woman. Her dreams to be richer, fuller and better fade away suddenly after the death of her selfish husband Arthur. All those characters that run after fantasy and depend on fate are faced the same condition as Fiona.Item Bakha’s Struggle for Existence in Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable(Faculty Arts in English, 2012-08) Rai, Jaya PrasadThe present dissertation titled " Bakha’s Struggle for Existence in Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable " focuses on the major character of the novel, Bakha, who is suffering amidst the problematic and frustrated conditions of his life. Bakha, the untouchable, who is a representative of the Lower class People too, undergoes harrowing experiences. Humiliation after humiliation shocks him and creates problems of recognition. ‘Untouchable’ refers to a dispossessed man, deprived even of the basic right to live like a human being in freedom, honor and dignity, in utter poverty and isolation. From sunrise on Bakha is forced to deal with discrimination, hatred, and hypocrisy. Wherever Bakha goes, he is rebuked, humiliated, exploited, suppressed, subjugated, and dehumanized. The untouchables are the lowest of the low caste and they are given the job of clearing the latrines and sweeping the streets. In every moment of their lives, they encounter meaninglessness which adds suffering to their existence. The thesis explores Bakha's endurances and problems through existentialist perspectives. Theoretical inputs from critics and writers such as Soren Kierkegaard, Frederich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, Jean Paul Sartre and others reinforce my thesis. It concludes that social discrimination of any kinds, including untouchability, hinders free existence of human beings. Therefore, it is a problem of attitude that needs to be reformed or done away withItem Appropriation of Modren Indian History for Hindu India(Central Department of English, Tribhuvan University, 2012-08) Thakur, Hemanta KumarThis dissertation relates itself to the investigation of Indian history’s dominant historiography modes which favorably analyze Gandhian nationalism, which is tilted towards Hindu nationalism. The dissertation is interested in seeing how this tilt deals with history of subaltern, especially tribal groups. In order to understand the position of tribal groups, Gandhian nationalism and its subscription to Hinduism have been explored through an analysis of historical discourse of modern Indian history. While the first chapter lays out the background for the dissertation, the second examines the materialist nationalist history, especially of Bipin Chandra who shares with nationalist historians a set of positive assumptions about the nationalist movement, which rests on a notion of hegemony. The third chapter is devoted to the Subaltern Studies Collective which has studied the history of the subaltern groups in India in order to show that neither the colonial state nor the elite Indian bourgeoisie which initiated the nationalist movement was able to achieve hegemony. The fourth chapter examines alternative subaltern historiography of David Hardiman who looks at the tribal groups of Gujrat in India, and their assertions against not only Brahmanical privilege, but also against others who exerted economic pressure on them. His work brings out the potential of a critical, material perspective on Hinduism/Brahmanism and caste during the colonial period. His ethnographically endeavors shows how a discourse from the margins can provide critical insight to dominant discourses of Hinduism. Thus, the dissertation makes the point that the politics of hindutva in recent past has sought to collapse together an amorphous and diverse India under a politically motivated and constructed notion of Hindu identity.Item From Class Struggle to Identity Politics: Paradox in Ideology and Practice of Nepali Left Politics(Central Department of English Tribhuvan University, 2012-08) Pandey, Sushil ChandraThis research has gauged out how Nepali left political parties are gradually shifting from class struggle to identity politics. It has also showed the paradox of left parties so far as identity politics is concerned. Formal political documents of left parties including their Discourses on the identity politics and class struggle through News papers and Television interviews have led this dissertation to claim that they are gradually shifting from class struggle to identity politics creating a grand narrative of paradox. In fact, Nepali left political parties are shifting to identity politics by what appears to be the abandonment of the basic ideology that they have espoused long. They use their basic ideology only for identifying themselves and motivating their cadres in time of need rather applying it rigidly in practice. It leads them to abandon their basic principles on practical fronts. Their basic ideology of class struggle remains silent whereas identity politics becomes dominant. The politics of identity that became a dominant discourse during the 1990s surfaced strongly in Nepali politics after the 2006 April Movement which became more intense after the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly (CA) on May 27, 2012. The CA apparently got dissolved after political parties failed to make consensus on identity-based federalism. So, the issue of identity remains a bone of contention among parties, which widens polarization with possible long-run impacts in the national politics. Actually, identity politics always hangs in between rights and recognition where it tilts more to the latter. Political parties can neither oppose nor support identity politics openly on the pretext of ballot box politics, which leads them to follow the principle of "if you cannot convince them, confuse them". The result is they hang in the 'in-between situation' regarding identity-based federalism. Federalism becomes more vulnerable where identity politics persists since identity politics, on practical fronts, tends to give second priority to the rights of 55 the marginalized communities in the name of focusing on identity. If identity politics is for evoking sense of rights to the exploited and the marginalized, it will focus the most on the issues of the oppressed Dalits since there is no one who meets the degree of oppression in Nepal than a Dalit. Nepali left political parties which claim themselves as heir to class struggle gradually succumb to identity politics without any strong ideological basis. Undoubtedly, economic backwardness of some identity groups can be attributed to the identity-based oppression especially on language and culture. Identity will be used as a tool for counter mobilization if there are oppression based on it. Therefore, identity should neither be a basis for oppression nor a mere tool for a ballot-box politics.Item Recovering the Subject: Valmiki's Joothan as the Chronicle of Dalit Life(Central Department of English Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2012-08) Gaudel, UpendraThis research examines Omprakash Valmiki's Joothan as a tale of domination, subordination and hegemony imposed upon the lower caste and class in Indian society. The Hindi word Joothan literally means food left on plate, usually destined for the garbage pail in a middle class urban home. However, such food would be characterized as Joothan only if someone else were to eat it. The word carries the connotation of ritual purity and pollution, because Joothan means polluted. In Joothan, Omprakash Valmiki deals with the issue of humiliation meted out of the Dalits by Indian society, no matter where they lived. This humiliation stems from the fact that Dalit inferiority has gotton embedded in the psyche of the upper caste, the members of which have developed on extraordinary repertoire of idioms, symbols and gestures of verbal and physical lenigration of the Dalit over centuries. It is embedded in the literary and artistic imagination and sensibility of the upper caste. Joothan stridently asks for the promissory note, joining a chorus of Dalit voice that are demanding their rightful place under the sun. A manifesto for revolutionary transformation of society and human consciousness, Joothan confronts it's readers with difficult questions about their own humanity and invites them to join the universal project of human liberation.Item Gothic Sublime and Its Significance in The Mysteries of Udolpho, Frankenstein, and The Castle of Otranto(Central Department of English Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2012-08) Khanal, AkhandaThis research explores mainly four texts- Horace Walpole's The Castle of Otranto, Ann Radcliffe's The Mysteries of Udolpho, Mary Shelly's Frankenstien and S.T. Coleridge's The Rime of Ancient Mariner in the light of sublime theory developed by Edmund Burke particularly his notion of beautiful and sublime elaborated in his influential book Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the sublime and beautiful. Burke, in this book, specifically draws a distinction between sublime objects and beautiful objects-sublime being vast in dimension, whereas beautiful comparatively small and comprehensible. However, in this research, I limit my study to the analysis of his notion of sublime, and use it methodological tool to examine the primary texts. Burke's contention is that sublimity can be achieved through the means of obscurity, infinity, power, vastness, and terror. Generally pain and terror are described as having negative connotations leading one to frustration, depression, or even death. As opposed to this general concept, this research contends that pain and terror lead onlooker and reader to the state of sublimity. This is the state in which all its motions are suspended with some degree of horror and mind is so entirely filled with its object that it cannot entertain any other. In addition to the sublime, the thesis dwells on the implication of the Gothic in opening the possibility, which subverts the traditional concept of hero/ villain.