Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2013-09"
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Item PROSPECT OF TOURISM IN NEPAL (A Case Study of Nuwakot Durbar, Bidur Municipality-2, Nuwakot Nepal)(Central Department of Economics Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2013-09) Thapa, SangitaNot available.Item Representation of the Indians in Bharati Mukherjee’s Miss New India(Central Department of English Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2013-09) Timalsina, Ram PrasadThis thesis explores into the problematic depiction of the Indians and Indian culture in Mukherjee's Miss New India. Though India has achieved quantum leap in almost all the spheres of lives, Mukehrjee has not bothered to bring these realities in her novel Miss New India. This position of the author enables the researcher to argue that the psyche of the Indians as portrayed in her novel is no less than the psyche of the Indians described in the discourse of orientalists. As a metropolitan author who tries to cater to the taste and likings of western readers, Mukehrjee views Indians as though they are still confined in the layer of tradition, spirituality and abstract metaphysical fantasy. Far from managing the daily troubles of life, almost all the Indian characters in Miss New India take life and its challenges in a happy go lucky way. Carefree, impulsive and schizophrenic, the leading female protagonist Anjali Bose faces the dilemma of either to return to Gauripru or be the concubine of Mr. G.G. The setting of this novel serves as an evidence that India appears as the free- floating and inscrutable land not germane to fruit of modernity, technology transfer, booming economy and the benefits of globalization. To Mukherjee, Indians and India are no less than what the orientalists say in their respective discourse of orientalism. In this sense, Mukherjee's position as a 'metropolitan intellectual' is apparent in her depiction of the Indians in Miss New India.Item ROLE OF MICRO CREDIT TO ECONOMIC IMPROVEMENT OF WOMEN(2013-09) Aryal, Krishna MayaAvailable with full text.Item Performance analysis of Orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) based on Channel Estimation Technique(Pulchowk Campus, 2013-09) Bhandari, InduIn order to achieve the potential advantages of OFDM based systems, the channel coefficients should be estimated with minimum error. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a method to transmit multi carrier in wireless environment, and can also be seen as a multi-carrier digital modulation or multicarrier digital multiplexing technology. Channel estimation plays a vital role in OFDM system. The channel estimation technique that can be pilot based or blind based can be helpful to improve the performance of OFDM system. The channel estimation technique for OFDM systems based on pilot arrangements is investigated. A different algorithm for both estimating channel at pilot frequencies and interpolating the channel is performed. The Performance comparison of all schemes by measuring bit error rate and mean square error using different modulation techniques like QPSK, and 16-QAM is discussed. Simulation results show the performance of different type channel estimation techniques under various channel condition and modulation technique.Item Socio Economic Status of Slum Dweller in Nepal”: "A Case Study of Slum Community in Kathmandu Valley(Central Department of Economics Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu,, 2013-09) Adhikari, Tara PrasadEveryone has a right to live in a decent house, so do the people living in the slum and the squatter communities. It implies that access to various forms of housing should be available. The housing issue of growing squatter population in urban and rural Nepal still remains unaddressed and unsolved due to the lack of specific Policy and programs which creates obstacles in introducing slum upgrading programs and providing securities of tenure. Lack of policy and programs have forced hundreds of thousands of people continue to live in fear and in a vulnerable situation in the slums and squatter settlements in different parts of Nepal. The risk of living in the slums and squatter communities gets higher as these areas becomes targets of development. The capital city Kathmandu is not an exception, rather the problem is more acute and ever growing. As this study showed, almost 40 squatter communities have been in existence in Kathmandu. Some of them are decades old and few are comparatively new. They have migrated to Kathmandu for various reasons and the prominent reason is to attain a secured and better life. They are forced to squat not by choice but by compulsion as they have no access to the current housing market. They are contributing in the city economy by providing valuable service as low paid workers in different areas. However, they have not been integrated into the city development program. Their need and issues like housing, basic facilities and secure tenure poses a big question. Concerned public sectors, private sectors, civil societies and donor agencies need to pay a high attention on slums settlements issues, before the problem becomes too big. Without improving the living condition of the poor and the marginalized people, no development program will be successful neither a city will remain in peace and harmony. It is very important that a high priority must be given in upgrading or arranging alternatives, whichever is an appropriate, in the slum and squatter settlement in Kathmandu valley. The study is "Socio-economic Status of Dwellers in Nepal" (A Case Study on Slum Dwellers in Kathmandu Valley). It has been carried out using primary data sources obtained from Slum settlement area of Kathmandu Valley. The general objectives of this study are to find out the socio-economic condition of Slum Dwellers in Kathmandu Valley. The specific objectives of study area are: a) To find out the financial status of slum dwellers, b) To find out the present settlement status of slum dwellers. c) To find out the expected permanent settlement in future. d) To find out the educational status of slum dwellers. e) To find out the religious status of slum dwellers. f) To find out the health and sanitation status of slum dwellers. g) To find out the Occupational Characteristics of slum dwellers. h) To fine out the social status of slum dwellers. i) To find out the causes and consequences of slum present settlement of slum dwellers in Kathmandu Valley. Descriptive research design has been adopted for this study and other method of Methodology techniques, research design, data collection and interview, sampling etc. are used. There were 40 settlements of Slum dwellers in Kathmandu valley. In both of the settlements (Mandikhatar and Sankhamul), 183 of the total household were selected as sample size. To generate the primary data the structured questionnaire, key informant interview and observation also limited by simple random sampling from the Slum household of this Kathmandu valley only.Item THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF TOURISM IN NEPAL (A CASE STUDY OF PARBAT, DISTRICT, NEPAL)(Central Department of Economics Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2013-09) Karmacharya, SristiAvailable with full text.Item BUDGETARY STRUCTURE OF NEPAL ( 2000/01- 2010/11)(Central Department of Economics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2013-09) Budhathoki, Bhim PrakashNot available.Item Orientalist Representation in Samrat Upadhyay's Buddha's Orphans(2013-09) K.C., Suman BabaThis research is about how Upadhyay‟s Buddha’s Orphans represents Nepal and Nepalese culture in a biased way for economic gain. The author makes use of several oriental stereotypes while representing Nepal and the religious belief of Nepalese people. Almost all the characters of this novel ranging from Bokey Ba, Kaki, Raja, Jamuna and Ganga Da are portrayed as insensible and irrational having belief more in witch doctors than medical doctors. The decisions taken by them are impulsive and eccentric. A mother breeds an infant and abandons near the lake. The government employee takes public fund and constructs his house. Even the entire setting of this novel is represented as exotic, inscrutable and mysterious. The represented Kathmandu valley and Nepalese people hardly match with the real Kathmandu. The place Kathmandu is transformed a lot. People are increasingly conscious of individual rights and freedom but Upadhyay sees Nepal and Nepalese people living in the same dark zone of mystery and backwardness as described by orientalists. The researcher makes use of Edward Said‟s key concepts from Orientalism, Stuart Hall‟s theory of representation and Foucauldian notion of representation to show that Upadhyay is influenced by the western power. This research shows Upadhyay's desire for popularity and economic gain by writing from the metropolitan position.Item Ordered Successive Interference Cancellation and Sphere Detection Technique for MIMO(Pulchowk Campus, 2013-09) Adhikari, PrabhatThe advent of multiple inputs, multiple output (MIMO) system has had a major influence on how the current capacity limits of a single antenna system could be increased without the need of overwhelming computational complexity. MIMO systems may be broadly classified into two categories: those designed to increase the transmission rate through spatial multiplexing and those designed to increase reliability using diversity techniques. Most of the current researches are concerned with the spatial multiplexing design scheme as it offers very high increase in data rate. The detection scheme for spatial multiplexing techniques includes linear receivers like Zero Forcing (ZF) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and non-linear receivers like Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC), Ordered Successive Interference Cancellation (OSIC) and Sphere Detection (SD). This thesis reviews briefly the MIMO system and the spatial multiplexing technique and compares various detection schemes used in MIMO system. Based on the BER analysis, the performance of various detections schemes in Rayleigh Channel is conducted. Different aspects have been considered in the evaluation of performance namely signal to noise ratio (SNR), modulation order and the number of transmitter and receiver antennas. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection method has shown optimum detection for MIMO system however the complexity involved is very high which leads to use of low complexity detection schemes. The performance of linear detection scheme like ZF, MMSE and non-linear schemes like SIC and the OSIC are first reviewed and then a quite new SD algorithm is analyzed where the SD provides near ML solution with much less computational complexity. The obtained results are inter-compared and discussed from different performance aspects.