Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2015-09"
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Item Women Participation and Empowerment through Micro-finance Program: A Case Study of Daunnedevi VDC, Nawalparasi District, Nepal(Central Department of Rural Development Tribhuwan University,Kathmandu, 2015-09) Adhikari, SirjanaThis research paper explores the impacts of micro-finance to empowering women in the study area. The main purpose of this study is found out the participation of women in micro-finance program. Similarly, it tried to analyze the role of micro-finance to empowering women as well as to examine the status of women after joining in microfinance program in Daunnedevi VDC. There are many women in Nepal especially in rural area facing difficulties in their life due to economic condition or lack of awareness. However, there are some micro-finance working on Daunnedevi VDC for the betterment of women but still there is necessity of study about it how it become useful for empowering women or if not why this is failed to empowering women to be investigated . This study is limited on descriptive as well as exploratory research design. While primary data was collected through field survey, observation whereas secondary data obtained from published, unpublished materials, articles, books or related websites. This study focused on those women who are participated in micro-finance 3 or more years only. It shows that there were many women who are not capable to earn money before they involved in MFP they face difficult for their basic needs too. But later getting different training and skills some of them become entrepreneurs. They started their own business while other started commercial farming due to this they started earns money for their personal use as well as for their home. Now they felt that they do not depend on their husband for little money after they get opportunities from MFI. Moreover, this study shows that participation is a key factor to empowering women without participation empowerment is not possible. In the past women are lack in participation in decision making either at home or in society by contrast it is changed slightly because of this they can take decision at home as well as in society too but still this is not satisfactory. Anyway, we may say that micro-finance become a popular instruments for those who were not economically sound also who had not access to resources. There are different aspects of participation which tried to show in this study, Participation in decision making at home, participation in community work and so on. Similarly, this study tried to find out the access of women in resources as well as vi ownership in property. After participation of MFP access of women on resources and women started feeling that level of leadership has also increased. This research results shows that women participation in different activities has increased after they involved in MFP, the highest proportion of women (28%) spent their time farming and housewives before they got involved in there was no one who involved in commercial farming and small scale industry before but later 6% women involved in small scale industry while, 12% started vegetables farming. Likewise, annul income also rose after they joined MFP, in previous years there was no one who earn above one lakh but later it increased by 10%.Whereas 72% women thought that it has changed their speaking ability but still 28% women hesitate to speak in front of others, we can take this as an example of empowerment. In conclusion from this study we can say that participation is a key factor to empowerment if we want to make empower someone first they should participated in different activities.Item Masculine Female in the Film Mary Kom(Central Department of English Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2015-09) Rajbanshi, ParashThis research proves the female masculinity of Mary Kom in the film Mary Kom. Mary Kom is a masculine protagonist who feels more comfortable behaving or looking masculine. She is attributed with masculine traits like power, courage, ambition and firm determination who dreams to live a dignified and independent life with financial prosperity on her own by waging her career in boxing. To pursue her dream of becoming the world's best boxer, Mary Kom denies her father's advice to acquire higher education. She ruptures the traditional normative culture of marriage and feminine roles and establishes dignified and independent masculine identity. She goes distant in early morning to learn boxing skills and fights with wrestler to pay for her boxing learning charge. She travels from country to country pursuing her career in boxing. Finally, she becomes the world's best millionaire champion boxer from her savings of winnings. She buys goods for her family. The cinematographic design: the various camera angles justify the determination and struggle of female protagonist and the visual effects, the lighting and the sound effect of the movie justify how Mary Kom proves to be assertive, proactive and brings reconsideration in the concept of women in the family and in the work place.Item Variation in Adaptive Traits of an Endemic Meconopsis Napaulensis DC. along an Elevation Gradient in Alpine Himalaya,Central Nepal(Department of Botany, 2015-09) Rana, NarmadaUnderstanding the pattern of variation in adaptive traits of rare and endemic species along environmental gradient can suggest important implications for developing optimal strategies for species conservation and sustainable management. In this study we aimed to study variation in life-history traits of an endemic species M.napaulensis DC. along an elevation gradient in Langtang National Park,Central Nepal covering three populations. Each population was investigated two times (2013 and 2014)covering different seasons. Population sampling was made to read habitat during peak growing period (during monsoon)except seed output, which was studied during late growing period (post monsoon).Entire area of each population was extensively surveyed to record all the individuals,including plants in flowering or fruiting and their detail vegetative characteristics and traits related to population fitness. Analysis of the habitat features showed that M. napaulensis exhibited high habitat specificity.M. napaulensis was restricted to open and rocky habitats of high altitudes.M. napaulensis growing sites had low vegetation cover indicating decreased inter-specific competition.M.napaulensis showed high variation in traits due to altitudinal variation, climatic condition and disturbances. Specifically reproductive traits discriminated the populations. M.napaulensis was suffered from human disturbance mainly from livestock grazing, plant harvesting and garbage pollution as the study area is an important tourist destination and pilgrimage site. Conservation of rare and endemic species such as M.napaulensis requires strong provisions restricting human activities and minimizing the impact from harvesting and grazing; and implementing habitat restoration and population augmentation programs.Item Species Diversity, Distribution and Status of Fishes In Tinau River, Nepal(Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2015-09) Rijal, BikramA study was conducted to assess the fish diversity, distribution, abundance and status of fishes in Tinau River. The Tinau River supports for the habitat of many fresh water fishes of many types like carps, barbs, minnows, catfishes, eels etc. The study was focused on the diversity pattern of fishes and data was collected through selecting the sampling site and the field was visited on 4 different seasons. The study revealed that total 26 fish species have been collected from the Tinau River, belonging to 4 orders, 9 families and 19 genera. The most commonly observed fish species during the study period were Barillus bendelensis and Puntius sophore and Garra spp. Similarly, Tor tor and Brachydenio rerio were rare caught fishes. The physiochemical parameters were found to be related with the composition and distribution of the fished in Tinau River. Highest Shannon weiner diversity index was observed in station IV (1.14) and in the month of July (1.11). Similarly, the maximum richness was observed in station IV (6.63) and in the month of April (9.97). Evenness index was found to be higher in January (0.97) and in the station III (1.18). No significant difference in the diversity status was obtained during the investigation period rather it was a seasonal phenomenon in the composition of fish species.Item Medical Ethnobiology and Indigenous Knowledge System Found In Raji Group of Nepal(Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2015-09) Paudel, MamtaThis study has been carried out in Uttarganga VDC (currently Birendranagar- 19) of Surkhet District, Nepal with the objective to document the ethnography, explore the traditional knowledge of medicinal animals and plants used by Raji people for the treatment of different diseases and to explore the indigenous knowledge system found on them. Studies have been conducted in two diferent seasons in 20-26 June 2014 and 20-25 April 2015. For the data collection, group discussions, key informant questionnaire survey to Raji local healers and elder people have been carried out. The study revealed that Raji people use 36 animal species for the treatment of 30 types of ailments and 91 plants species are used to treat 60 types of diseases. Meat, skin, bone, blood, dung, carapace, urine, whole organism, tail, egg and fats of animal parts are used as traditional medicine. Similarly, plant parts such as root, fruit, leaf, whole plant, flower, latex, shoot stem hair, bark, rhizome, seed and young shoot are found to be used by the Raji people. They have deep respect on indigenous knowledge such as biodiversity conservation, agricultural practice, medicinal practices for livelihood, yeast making practices and art, craft and technology. However, indigenous knowledge and skills of medication have been less focused these days among the Raji people because of their inclination towards modern medicine and hospital facilities. It would be better to provide education, motivation to local healers and documentation on the use of such medicinal animals and plants to preserve such knowledge. Hence, to analyze and document the traditional medication system of the community is the ultimate objective of this thesis paper.