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Item Socio-Economic Impact of Koyakhola Micro-Hydro Third Project(Central Department of Rural Development Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2016-09) LIMBU, DES BAHADURThe present study entitled "Socio-Economic Impact of Koyakhola Micro-Hydro Third Project" is an attempt to find out the socio-economic impacts of Micro-hydropower project in Rural Area of 2, 3, 4 and 7 wards of Khamlalung VDC of Terhathum district. This study especially reports to the evaluation of socio-economic impact and socially acceptance and economic viability of Koyakhola Micro-hydropower Third Project in Khamlalung VDC of Terhathum district. It encompasses many studies area of micro-hydropower. But it especially focuses on the investigation of such questions like who are the beneficiaries and to what extent do they get benefit. This study is focused on studying the constraints prevailed in rural energy of Nepal. It also keeps the interest to find out the answer of the questions who gets the access to the rural lighting and why? As electricity is regarded as a major infrastructure of development, every place should be facilitated with it. But majority parts of our country have to spend their life in darkness because of which they are facing so many problems related to their daily life situations. Such problems like not proper access to modern science and technology, education and other occupations in which they are involved. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of the micro hydropower projects (MHPs) in rural development and socio-economic aspects through income, health and sanitation, education and information technology and suggest solution for sustainable development of MHPs. The study has employed both primary and secondary sources of data collection. Under the primary sources, the study has been based on questionnaire, interview and direct observation of the project site and affected areas. To meet the objectives of the research, 60 respondents of the study area i.e. Khamlalung VDC (ward no. 2, 3, 4 &7) of Terhathum district were selected as the primary sources of data. Likewise, different reports and official publications regarding hydropower plants have been taken into consideration for the statistical data. In order to conduct this research, procedure was used to select 60 respondents of Khamlalung VDC (ward no. 2, 3, 4 &7) of Terhathum district as a research methodology. A questionnaire was used as the tool for data collection and finding out the socio-economic impacts of micro-hydropower projects in Rural Area. In addition to it, direct observation and interview methods are 7 also adapted to collect information regarding knowing about socio-economic impact about MHP. The study found mixed socio-economic impact of the project on the project affected areas. About 80% of the respondents are seems to be satisfied with the MHP and about 20% of the respondents are seems to be dissatisfied with this MHP. The study further finds out that the population has not completely substituting electricity for firewood. In the study area 70% students' performance at school is improved after MHP installation because children have been studying at the night time using electricity. People are suffering from asthma, bronchitis, eyes infection and heart diseases due to indoor air pollution. Hydroelectricity has a prominent role in reduce indoor air pollution by decreasing the use of firewood and kerosene. Electricity from a micro hydro plant makes it possible to use overhead projectors, computers, TV, radio, refrigerator, chargeable battery, mobile and internet. This increases the living standard of the people in the study area. To sum up, installation of small hydropower projects like Siudigadh Micro-hydro Power Project is significant for several angles like, to fulfill national demand for electricity, project environment, uplift living standard of rural people.Item Economic Impact of Remittence In Vijayanagar Vdc of Pyuthan District(Central Department of Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Tribhuvan University, 2016-09) Gautam, Tirth RajItem Role of Cooperative in Income Generating Activities for Rural Development(The Central Department of Rural Development, Tribhuvan University, 2016-09) Singh, Surendra BahadurThe present study has focused "Role of Cooperative in income Generating Activities for Rural Development" of Kanchanpur district. This study aims to find out the contribution of Janata Bachat in local employment generation, impact of its by assessing credit and to examine the effectiveness of cooperative for income generating activities of Bhimdatta - 8. The design for the study was descriptive design. It was mainly based on quantitative research approach. The researcher selected 100 respondents among 500 shareholders through simple random sampling method. Cooperatives are the main instrument for small business, agricultural production as well as income generating activities. The particular area is chosen for the study because it is easily accessible and heterogeneous in socio-economic and geographical structure. The study assess the roles played by cooperative societies‟ savings and loans services on members‟ economic condition, standard of living and in meeting participants financial needs in rural locations in income generation. Using a combination of questionnaire survey and key informants interview, the research is carried out to find the role of cooperative in generating income from different activities assisted by cooperatives. From the study the researcher concluded that most of the members are involved in business sector. The educational status of the respondents were highly of bachelor levels i.e. about 70 percent. About 80 percent of the members were informed by the help of electronic media. About 50 percent of the respondents were given job in the cooperative itself and approximately 25 percent were provided loan to do the business. About 50 percent of the respondents changed their attitude after entering into the cooperative. This cooperative had developed irrigation project, managed road and helped in the economic growth of the study area. About 56 percent of the respondents took credit through cooperative society. The interest rate for credit distribution provided by cooperatives is approximately 13 percent. About 60 percent of the respondents did not took credit because enough loan is not given. About 64 percent of the respondents took credit from the cooperative because of easy loan procedure. 3 This cooperative had given awareness program, skill training and service in cooperative for the people of the study area. About 60 percent of the respondents got information providing sources from community interaction. Commercial banks are the main sources of credit provider. Approximately 90 percent of the respondents sold their agricultural production through open market. About 90 percent of the respondents were satisfied from the distribution of the loan. About 40 percent of the respondents had invested in the Janata Bachat. This cooperative increase social and economic relation, exposure, empowered and access to formal financial institution. By Virtue of having volunteer groups of people, with motives of people oriented, self help and meeting basic need of communities through collective action, Cooperatives are essential organization for rural development in Nepal.Item Role of Co-operative in Income Generating Activities:(The Faculty of Humanities and Social sciences, Mahendra Ratna Multiple Campus Ilam, Department of Rural Development,, 2016-09) Acharya, Kumarhe study entitled''role of Cooperative in IGAs on case study ofSuryabinayak Multipurpose Agricultural Cooperative Limited Shantipur, VDC,Ilam District'' has been prepared on the rural areas co-operative on the basis of rural women assess of IGAs activities. The specific objective of this study is to identify the contributions of cooperative in local employment generation, to assess the role of micro credit in IGAs in study area. This study is carried out on the basis of descriptive research design. The present study was based on both the primary as well as secondary data. Out of the 149 shareholders, 30 households were taken as sample by using simple random sampling method, giving 35 questions of open and close types. Those who were unable to express their answers, some guidelines and facilitate techniques were used in group. Among them 40 percentage members were Brahmin/Chhetri followed by 50 percentage Janjati and then 10 percentage Dalits out of total 30 sample households. In the cooperative all members were female. This data is consistent with the observation that a SMACLS with solely people member tends to have a strong people's empowerment agenda. Out of the total sampled household population 76,67 percent were engaged in agriculture and farming,13.33 percent were engagedin entrepreneurship and only about 10 percent were found to be engaged in Business. Mostly people are directly or indirectly involved in agricultural activities. The government programs and/or I/NGOs should continue to promote the poverty focused cooperative's model to improve access of financial services to the poor in rural area SMACLS should diversify its financial products as per the needs of its members for which it should conduct market research. It should raise the required capital internally or by accessing funds from external leading agencies. SMACLS should address the problems by developing strategies that would motivate poor people to join it. The follow of credit facilities needs to be reviewed and should be provided as per priority basis at the rate of low interest. Educational awareness programs should be more focused. properly utilizes the loan. Increase woman participation in cooperative. increase the income generating activities for the members. Regularly and timely to develop saving and credit.Item Impact of Poverty Alleviation Fund In Shikharpurvdc of Baitadi District(Central Department of Economics TribhuvanUnivercity, Kirtipur Kathmandu, Nepal, 2016-09) DattAwasthi, RamItem Dislocation and Crisis of Female Identity in Olive Schreiner’s The Story of an African Farm(Central Department of English Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2016-09) Pathak, GangaramThis paper examines how dislocation creates the crisis of female identity in the Karoo farm landscape, in Olive Schreiner‟s The Story of an African Farm. African farm owners are displace from their farm landscape by the colonizers. As a result, the farm workers have to face the problem of identity crisis. Englishman are responsible for brings Africans identity crisis, when Africans are displace from their own farm land, new settlers start lose their identity. They struggle to establish their identity on the Karoo farm land. The displace condition of African new settlers are hovering around the Karoo farm land to get their identity and place from the colonizers. The main victims are women whose identity is determine in relation to the place. Their placelessness represents their identity crisis in the Karoo farm landscape. The research method comprise of a wide review of relevant literature on the dislocation and identity crisis. And Bill Ashcroft‟s The Post-Colonial Studies Reader focuses upon the Post-Colonial issues such as Language, Place, History and Ethnicity of the colonized people in the colonial landscape. Elleke Boehmer‟s, Colonial and Postcolonial Literature Migrants Metaphors represents colonizers domination upon the colonized people and their landscape, where colonized people lose their identity. In the colonial world people are displace from their land and become identity less. This research paper shows that how the term „dislocation‟ is relating with the women‟s identity. Women‟s identity is connecting with the place; their attachment towards the place is their destiny for questing identity in the colonial territory. Colonizers control the place and displace them from their land. African new settlers are struggling hard to establish their identity and place in the Karoo farm landscape.Item Economic Impact of Remittance in Shyamsila Vdc of Bhojpur District(Central Department of Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2016-09) Rai, MaheshNot available.Item Livlihood Strategy of Rana Tharu(Central Department of Rural Development Tribhuvan University, 2016-09) JOSHI, VIJAYA RAJThe General objective of the study is to know the livelihood condition of Ranas Tharus of Geta VDC of Kailali District. The study is descriptive methods in the nature and sociological perspective are used. Simple random and purposive samplers were used for the study. Household survey schedule, focus group discussion, key informant interview, case study and observation methods were used for the collection of primary data. Secondary data were collected from the relevant article, books, reports, CBS reports, DDC and VDC profile. The present Thesis has been completed in Seven chapter. Majority of the respondents are married women which comprises 86.66 percent, 8.33 percent unmarried and 5 percent separated who are living away from their husband’s house who comprises 8.33 percent of the total respondents. 66.4 percent of the respondents are lives in the Kachhi with tile house, 24.9 percent of the respondents are lives in Kachhi with roof house and 8.33 percent of the respondents are lives in the pakki house. There are 83.33 percent male respondents who are headed their households, and there are 3.33 percent households in which decision in house are taken collectively by both husband and wife. Tharu people of Geta are trying to participate in the activities of mainstream of development but they are being problems as they are in initial stages of socio-economic and cultural. The relationship with non Tharus neighbors makes them too easy for adoption of modern activities and it makes to direct change their livelihood strategies. Bad habits of food and drinks, early marriage, unplanned family, economic disability, illiterate, lack of decision making power, simplicity, environmental degradation, landlessness, exploitation, and traditional approach on agriculture are the main constraints for the socio-economic changes of the Tharu people of study area. And economy, migration, education, modern technology, globalization, modernization, mercerization, transportation, communication, physical facilities, changing cropping trend are the other responsible changing factor of Tharus of study area.Item Organizational Justice and Employee Work Outcomes in Service Sector of Nepal(Office of the Dean Faculty of Management Tribhuvan University, 2016-09) Shrestha, Prakash