Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2017-02"
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Item Financial Liberalization and the Stability Of Money Demand in Nepal(Central Department of Economics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur Kathmandu, Nepal, 2017-02) Tiwari, NirmalItem A Case Study of Mushroom Cultivation in Matatirtha Vdc, Kathmandu(Central Department of Rural Development Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 2017-02) Maharjan, SumanNepal is one of the countries where mushroom can be cultivated throughout the year under natural environmental condition. We can use most of agriculture wastage. We have plenty of raw materials for mushroom cultivation. Skilled farmers can earn a lot of money from its cultivation. Oyster mushroom is very popular in Nepal where it can be grown all round the year. Mushroom farming is highly growing in Nepal as there are lots of places across the country, among them Kathmandu district is one where mushroom cultivation has higher potentiality. Kathmandu, a district that falls under the Central development region, lies in the Bagmati Zone of Nepal and it has suitable climate for production as well as market for the farmed product. This District has lots of areas that are suitable for farming but among them Matatirtha VDC is one of them, which around is 1 hour away from centre of Kathmandu. The general objective of the study was to find out prospects and challenges of mushroom cultivation in Matatitha VDC of Kathmandu District. Whereas specific objectives of the study were to find out the technique, cost and benefit of mushroom cultivation of the study area and to analyze the problem and prospect of mushroom cultivation in the study area. This study has been carried out mostly on the basis of exploratory research design; also descriptive method of research design is used in order to describe the findings during the study. Qualitative and quantitative data have been collected for the study using both primary and secondary sources. Of the total households, 50 households have been taken as sample for the study area by applying quto sampling technique.. To collect data, household survey, key informant interview, observation, method have been used and different computer program, simple statistical tools like table, graphs, have been used for data analysis and descriptive methods has been used for qualitative data. After the research different findings were obtain. It was found that among respondents 68% were male and 32% were found female, 5 respondents were found age below 30 and 34 respondents were found age between (30 to 50), 11 respondents were found age above 50. 6 respondents were illiterate, 30 were literate and remaining 14 7 respondents had education level above SLC. It was found that Newar and Magar community dominates the study area. Among 50 respondents 38 respondents were engaged in farming, 3 were in teaching sector, 5 respondents were involved in private job or self employment and 4 respondents was in social service. After the study it can be concluded that mainly used farming technique in the study area In terms of techniques of growing mushroom it was found that 80% of respondents use hanger technique to cultivate mushroom whereas tray and floor were not so popular. It was found that farmers have been following the planting method for the cultivation of mushroom rather than spraying method. It was found out that 92% respondent use hay and 8% respondent use mud as medium for mushroom farming. Mostly relying on traditional method of farming. Study was made in order to find cost and benefit of mushroom farming in study area and after the completion of study we can conclude that it takes minimum 3 weeks for the mushroom production and per bag average production is 2 kg. At least 5 manpower are needed per day for the mushroom production. It was found out that mushroom on the field were sold at Rs. 95 where as in market after adding travelling cost it can be sold at Rs. 110 per kg. So there breakeven point is Rs. 110 but most of the farmers seem not so happy with the price they get in market. Study was to analyze the problems and prospects of mushroom cultivation in study area so after the completion of study it can be concluded that most of the farmers are untrained and have been farming without using any modern means and techniques mainly due to lack of instruments. Training on mushroom farming should be provided so that there won‟t be any shortage of manpower for mushroom farming. Different new modern equipments, tools and techniques with trained manpower should be provided for better result. The modern machines should be introduced in reasonable price so that farmers can enhance their productionItem A Study of Organic Tea Cultivation(Central Department of Rural Development Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur Kathmandu, Nepal, 2017-02) ACHARYA, ICHCHHA RAMThis study entitled A Study of Organic Tea Cultivation: A Case Study of Sankhejung VDC of Ilam District. This study has been based on both primary and secondary and qualitative as well as quantitative data. This study has followed exploratory and descriptive research design. The primary data have been collected from Sankhejung VDC of Ilam district and secondary data have been used in the background of the study and setting of the study area to know the impact of organic tea cultivation of district. This study has been done to find out the impact, present situation and problems faced by tea farmers. From the Ilam district was selected purposively. 140 hhs were found tea farmers among them 50 hhs were taken by using simple random sampling method under the probability sampling. The data have been collected systematically. The data were analyzed in two ways descriptive and analytical. Ms Excel program was used for analysis purpose. Diagram and graphs are used for the presentation of data in this study. This study has found that most of the organic tea farmers are interested to organic tea cultivation, many farmers has been attracted toward tea cultivation in the study area, tea growers and production has been increasing. In this study area out of 50 hhs 40 percentage households have 0-10 ha. land, 26 percentage households have 10-20 ha., 20 percentage have 20-30 ha., 10 percentage have 30-40 ha. and 4 percentage households have 40-50 ha. land. The study in this thesis farmers are facing many kinds of problems like was economic, marketing and transportation etc. Also, they are facing lots of challenges in tea garden. Desertification, soil erosion, landslide, flood are main challenges in the cultivated area. In this study area farmers are interviewed in tea farming, they are trying to solve the problems but that's not enough so in this situation it we provide to technical knowledge, financial support, training etc. Its helps to improve their life style as well can play important role for the economic development for our country.Item Prospects of Solar Drying Technology: A Case Study of Pakhribas Municipality, Dhankuta District(Central Department of Rural Development, University Campus Kiripur, 2017-02) Ghimire, KritiOpen sun drying of various crops is the most widespread conventional method for food preservation practiced in many urban and rural areas of developing countries. The traditional open sun-drying widely practiced by rural farmers has some sort of difficulties such as; high crop losses due to inadequate drying, fungi attacks, insects, birds, rodent encroachment and unpredictable weather effects Labor requirement, long drying time, and direct exposure of the produce to sun and wind are the further difficulties with this method. However, taking into account the low income of the rural population, the relatively high investment for energy based dryers still remains a barrier to wide application. In view of this, solar dryers can be a good alternative over conventional dryers and open sun drying technique. General objective of the study is to identify the prospects of solar drying technology with the case study of Pakhribas Municipality of Dhankuta district. The study explored the prospects of solar drying, using descriptive research strategy because it aims to study the prospects of soar dryer in underscoring rural enterprises. It looked into the problem by exploring the views of different set of respondents, as well as by exploring different literatures related with the study. Vegetables especially off season, tea, large cardamom and ginger are major source of income for the eastern hill people. Farmers try to sell all the produces at once as they may go rotten, being perishable produces. In this effort they sell them even in lesser prices. This down price occurs when the overall production is high. They do not know about the drying technologies like solar drying. And even do not know about the subsidy they can receive. Most of the agricultural products are exported to the neighboring countries. Some agricultural products like Tea, coffee, spices are also exported to the countries of Europe. Because of the small size of export, the bargaining power of Nepali exporters is limited and weak. One of the benefits of Solar Dryer system compare to the sun drying is quick dehydration. It is estimated about 50 to 60 percent of the time is saved in solar dehydration compared to direct sun drying. Besides this, with the installation of Solar Dryer, women got some relief. They can dry the products easily. Several sun dried products eg., dried herbs, dried ginger, dried turmeric, dried cinnamon, dried vegetable seeds and tea are exported to India. Some vegetable seeds are also exported to Bangladesh and Pakistan. Therefore the dried products have huge possibility of receiving internal and external market. The temperatures in a solar dryer are higher than in sun drying and this reduces the drying time and usually improves the final product quality. Crop losses and spoilage from rain and animals are prevented because the crop is protected within the solar dryer. Solar dryer comprises three parts; in some types of drier these parts are distinct whereas in other these parts are in combined form. The introduction of low cost and locally manufactured solar dryers can offer a promising alternative to reduce the tremendous postharvest losses as small farmers mostly use open sun drying methods for drying of certain produces. Thus along with promotional activities of Solar dryer through subsidy, technical backstopping and massive consumer awareness raising program is necessary to create market for the dried products. The technical improvement is also necessary; the Capacity of the drier needs to be increased and should be affordable to the farmers.Item Study on Efficiency and Satisfaction level of Public Transportation within Kathmandu Inner Ring Road(Pulchowk Campus, 2017-02) Bhattarai, BishnuIncreasing private vehicle ownership and lack of systematic public transportation led to the various traffic problems within Kathmandu Inner Ring Road. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency and satisfaction level of public transportation which is the one of the issues in present public transportation system in inner ring road. The average travel time, waiting time, running speed, and average passenger patronage in the study area have been accessed by using moving observer method. Later, these parameters were used for analysis of public transportation efficiency using DEA model. The result of analysis shows that the efficiency of the bus is 24.5% more than that of the micro-bus. With reference to Mahanagar Yatayat, other bus services are found 86.6% efficient whereas microbuses are found 56.5% efficient. Taking waiting time, travel time, running speed and passenger in and out as independent parameters, the efficiency assessment model has been calibrated by regression analysis. Similarly, satisfaction level of the various modes of public transportation has been assessed with on revealed questionnaire survey. SPSS have been used to check the statistical significance of questionnaire. The satisfaction level of services is evaluated with 10 parameters viz. comfort, cleanliness, frequency and reliability, access for various disable people, availability of timetable and route information, seating arrangement and space for standing, seat availability, speeding, conductor behavior and easiness on using service. The result obtained from pair sample statistics shows that passengers were not satisfied with both bus and micro- bus services in overall aspects. From two tail pair t-test, bus provides better performance in respect to six indicators, whereas there is no any difference in the significance level for remaining four indicators. Overall, the bus proves to be a better mode of public transportation in perspective of both efficiency and satisfaction level. This study identifies the major service indicator for the improvement of public transportation.Item Knowledge Management in the Context of Nepalese Library(Central Department of Library and Information Science Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur,, 2017-02) Dangol, ReshmaThe thesis entitled “Knowledge Management in the Context of Nepalese Libraries” has been carried out as one of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Library and Information Science, Tribhuvan University. The objectives of this study are; to find out the practice of KM by the Nepalese Knowledge and information workers; to compare knowledge management of the different knowledge and information workers; to identify the importance of knowledge management today for individual‟s communities and organization. There are many barriers and problems in using online resources such as financial, technological, infrastructural and also human resource. Different types of libraries inside the Kathmandu valley were taken as the population of the study. The major libraries of Nepal i.e. TUCL, NNL, ICIMOD, UNIC, WWF, and Kaiser Library are included in it. Similarly, nature of data and data collection were quantitative and qualitative. Further, two methodologies are used i.e. Web-based survey and interviews. Various literature from the Academic, special library, reference library, journals and thesis in Knowledge Management have been reviewed for this study. Primary data has been gathered by questionnaires of a total 103 professionals. Data analysis then was conducted with the SPSS 13 program. Participants were provided with the opportunity to review a draft of summary of findings. Regarding the finding of the study, half of respondents were agreed with the statement of KM, Almost all respondents were aware of the successful implementation of KM in library, three-fourth of respondents agreed with the curriculum largely based on the information systems domains and approaches to KM curriculum to meet the needs of library professionals. It is recommended that KM could be future of present day in Library and Information Science. Institutions, organizations can be renamed as Knowledge management department, resource centers, information centers etc for Library. The further study is recommended on knowledge Management relating to field of Library Science in the field of teaching, learning and practicing as discipline.Item Role of Mother's Group to Women's Empowerment(Tribhuvan University Faculty of Humanities and Social Science Central Department of Rural Development Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2017-02) Budhathoki, SaritaMothers Group one of the basic Group of women empowerment. However, it established as a right because of its expensiveness and other socio-economic reasons. The specific objectives of the study are to analyze Mother's Group pattern of rural women to find out the cause affecting for less participation of women in local governance. Gelu VDC of Ramechhap district has been taken as the study area. Women are the main inhabitants of the VDC. There are many others group but special women is only Mothers Group which was formation by the project of RHDP in this area. Till now, there is no further plan of VDC for women empowerment. So Mother's Group has been faced many problem and threaten. They are active groups of VDC and actively participation in decision mking. In the research area, mothers group has been functioning for women's empowerment and social development. For the empowerment of women, mothers group has managed many skill development programs, income generating programs, literacy programs etc. which helped them to make independent. In case of economic development of participant women's, MG has managed and provided loan for income generating activities that has helped them (to) make economically independent. Result of their training and economic growth has made them empowered. They have become capable of decision-making, Self-dependent, participation in social, political and development programs. After getting involved in mothers Group, they have made them socialize in present society, technology that has helped them solving their problem the awareness creation of women has helped them and their family for household decisions making, social welfare, self opinion. From different result, involvement in mothers group has made them empowered in society. Nature of the study is exploratory, descriptive and analytical. Both primary and secondary data were utilized for this study, primary data has been collected through field survey, interview schedule. Key informant interviews for selected MG members, non-members female and male. The secondary data collected through published and unpublished literature Journals, NGOs/INGOs reports, web-sites, research report and other relevant literatures. The primary data helped to collect general information and secondary data helped to understand the subject matter 7 historically. Both the quantitative and qualitative techniques were used for the data collection. quantitative information were gathered through field survey and qualitative information were collected through personal interviewItem The Long Road Ahead: Status Report on the Implementation of the ASEAN Mutual Recognition Arrangements on Professional Services(2017-02) ADB; Mendoza, Dovelyn Rannveig; Sugiyarto, GunturItem The Study of Effect of Road Width on Passenger Car Units (PCU) of Vehicles under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions(Pulchowk Campus, 2017-02) Khadka, AashishPassenger car units (PCU) are used to represent the effects of varying mixed vehicle types on traffic stream. In this paper the required data is collected at eight sections of main highways of Nepal using a digital video recorder which eventually analyzed the traffic characteristics and PCU values was calculated. The study found traffic composition of Bus, Truck, LCV and Car are increasing with the increase in carriageway width but the composition of volume is found to be highest in smaller carriageway width. The speeds of all categorized vehicles are increasing linearly with the increase in carriageway width. It is found that PCU values obtained for motor cycle from all sections are smaller than the values given in NRS and for Bus, Truck, LCV found higher than the value given in NRS 2070 .This study has shown the impact of lane width on the PCU for different categories of vehicles on a Highways. It is found that the PCU for a vehicle type increases with increasing carriageway width.Item Energy Storage in Grids with High Penetration of Variable Generation(2017-02) ADB; Jain, PramodItem The Study of Effect of Humps in Vehicular Movement (A Case Study of Kathmandu Valley)(Pulchowk Campus, 2017-02) Poudel, AbhashRoad accident is a major problem in the developing countries like Nepal. The unlimited high speed results in crashes. Hence the speed humps are used. But the improper geometry further leads to more crashes. Nepal Road Standard has given the geometrical criteria for speed humps, which are still not followed. No any scientific and precise relation has been developed between speed and hump parameters for fixing accurate geometry. The objective of this thesis is to provide a rational and precise relationship of safe speed of vehicles with various parameters of hump such as length, width, arc length and area to width. All the analyses were made using Microsoft Office Excel 2010. The works showed that statically significant regression relationships could be established only between hump-crossing speed and hump geometry characterized by area to width ratio. The area to width ratio decreased linearly as the speed increased. Besides this, the hump section had less speed than the normal section, both for bikes and cars. Furthermore, the speed of bikes in the roads of Kathmandu was found out to be more than that of cars. This thesis is important, mainly for the planners and designers. With the help of relationship between speed and hump parameters, design of hump would be precise and easier for planners.Item Civil Society Briefs: Solomon Islands(2017-02) ADBItem Feeding Behavior of Sympatric Rhesus (Macaca Mulatta Zimmerman, 1780) and Assamese (Macaca Assamensis Mcclelland, 1840) Monkeys in Nagarjun Forest, Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Nepal(Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science & Technology Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu Nepal, 2017-02) Ghimire, AnjuFeeding behavior of Sympatric Rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and Assamese (Macaca assamensis) Monkeys was studied on Nagarjun forest of Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Nepal. The study have been carried out from November 2015, to July 2016. Feeding behavior and food items of the monkeys were noted by scan sampling methods. Population of the studied troops were counted by direct counting of the individuals. Similarly quadrate method was used to analyze vegetation pattern of natural forest or monkey habitat. The total population of studied troops was found to be 93 individuals monkeys of Rhesus and 149 individual of Assamese monkeys. Only two species of monkeys; the Rhesus and Assamese monkeys were recorded from Nagarjun forest. Mostly monkeys were encountered from the pheriphery of the forest near to human settlement areas and in Army canteen areas where they could get provisioned food easily. Moreover monkeys were also encountered from the natural forests where they completely fed on plant parts and their dependence on provisioned food was null. During study it was recorded Rhesus monkeys fed on 72% on plants, 16% on crops, 9% of waste foods, and 3% on insects. Similarly Assamese monkeys fed on 67% on plants, 9% on crops, 19% on waste foods and 5% on insects. There was not significnt difference in the food items consumed by Rhesus and Assamese macaques (x2=6.198, df=3 p value<0.01). From the study frugivorous nature of macaque was recorded followed by folivorous nature where fruit constitute 48% for Rhesus and 51% for Assamese whereas leaf constitute 31% for Rhesus and 26% for Assamese. Macaques were also found feeding on leaf, flower, seeds and other parts of plants such as branches, twigs, shoot, seedlings, tubers and roots. There was not significant difference in the utilization of plant parts by the macaques during feeding time (x2=1.5, df=5, p value <0.01). Similarly the study showed that Rhesus spent 49% of time on foraging/feeding, 29% on locomotion, 15% on rest or inactive and 7% on grooming whereas Assamese spent 44% time on foraging/feeding, 26% on locomotion, 19% on rest or inactive and 11% on grooming. Thus the study showed that Rhesus were active forager/feeder and locomoter than Assamese macaques. There was significant difference in the general behavior of Rhesus and Assamese macaques (x2=27.10, df=3, p value<0.05). Rhesus fed on 41 plant species whereas Assamese fed on 39 plant species out of 46 plant species.Item Meeting Asia's Infrastructure Needs(2017-02) ADB