Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2022-10"
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Item Study on Phytoremediation and Biomass-Adsorption of Cationic and Anionic Dye using Azolla Pinnata(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-10) Gyawali, ManojWaste water generated from the textile industry consists of non- biodegradable complex compounds such as dye. This waste water can be toxic to the living organism. Hence, the treatment of the waste water consisting dye is very important before it is released streams, lake, river etc. Among the several methods of dye waste water treatment such as adsorption, filtration, bio adsorption and photo degradation, Phytoremediation is suitable because it is naturally occurring process on which micro-organism or plant transforms or immobilize the complex compounds such as dye. Azolla Pinnata, phytoremediation plant can be used for extraction of the dye and complex compound from waste water.Item Public Participation for Urban Infrastructure Development: A case of Birgunj Metropolitan City(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-10) Sedhai, PrajwolPublic participation is the involvement and collaboration with public to get their ideas and opinions, for decision making to bring a positive and sustainable development in the community. This research focuses on government initiatives to bring together the citizens of the community for discussions on the necessary consideration for the sewerage and drainage and road infrastructure development as per the STIUEIP project. The working mechanism of the government to complete the project in a community rapidly without fully understanding the community through the public perspective led to the project being withheld temporarily as it misses the necessities of the local citizens and the surroundings. The research explores the citizens of the community, their activities, behaviour, and willingness to support the government. Mixed methods for case study are used to understand the different initiatives carried out by the Birgunj Metropolitan City for increment in participation during the planning and policy making stages. Along with literature study, paper survey was distributed among 80 residents, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 officials affiliated with the project. The activities and action of the government or the public explored and found during the research help us to determine the gap between the public and the local government for working collaborating with each other.Item Optimization of Street Aspect Ratio for Pedestrian Comfort in Hot and Humid Climate of Nepal(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-10) Ghimire, ApekshyaWalkable and livable cities come under the first priority of people searching for a new residential space in today’s context. In order to create a comfortable walkable condition for pedestrians, more focus should be given to shading the pathway. Among many ideas, the development of an optimum aspect ratio is paramount for improving the walkability of any street. This research is focused on developing and promoting an optimum street aspect ratio in the hot and humid road section of Lumbini Sanskritik Municipality through the use of Envi-Met software. This research involves the use of temperature and humidity data to simulate 3D street layouts in order to obtain the desired results in the form of air temperature, mean radiant temperature and physiological equivalent temperature as outputs. This research concludes that for east- west oriented streets, the aspect ratio above 2 is favorable whereas for north-south oriented streets, the aspect ratio of 1.5 is the optimum result. The optimum aspect ratio obtained from the simulation reduced the ambient air temperature of the same street by more than 3.5 °C, mean radiant temperature by more than 20 °C and physiological equivalent temperature by more than 12 °C. Similarly, orientation from 30° NE/210° SW to 150 ° NW/330° SE seems better for street orientation in case of LumbiniItem FRAMING THE CHALLENGES OF URBAN FLOODING ON ACCESSIBILITY: A CASE OF PULBAZAR, BANEPA(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-10) Shrestha, ApsanaUrban flooding is a worldwide phenomenon which is witnessed more often in a growing urban city in developing countries. The insufficiency of drainage system that cannot withstand with the current precipitation due to climate change, urbanization haphazard planning causes stormwater runoff in a city area creating inundation that lasts from few hours to even few days known as Urban Flooding. These urban floods paralyze the surface transportation of a city. Especially the daily commuters bear heavy economic and financial losses. This paper aims to assess the accessibility disruption faced by daily commuters who travel via Araniko road, Pulbazar section road and identify major cause of the flood in the study area. The research also tries to explore adaptive & mitigative measures that should both be incorporated simultaneously to cope with the annual flooding scenario in the study area.Item “Adaptive Façade: Electrochromic glazing to Enhance Energy Efficiency of Office buildings”(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-10) Limbu, Nunaang TumrokFully glazed facades, particularly in office buildings, have certain benefits like transparency and a lot of daylight entering the building, but they also have some disadvantages like glare and solar heat gain in the summer. Fixed or static shade systems have limited ability to adjust to changes in the interior or outside environmental conditions over a day or season and may provide poor performance if operational needs vary over time. It optimizes access to sunshine and outside vistas, lowers energy costs, and provides architects with greater creative freedom. Electrochromic glass is a dynamic glass that can be electronically colored. The main objective of this research is to look into the potential for energy efficiency of installing electrochromic glazing on office buildings in Kathmandu valley. To study the energy, thermal, and visual features of the glazed spaces, a total of 120 questionnaire surveys were completed in three office banking offices in the Kathmandu valley. To learn more about the performance metrics of the available glazing technologies, market research and on-site surveys were also conducted. An experimental shoe box model of 12 by 8 by 3.15 inches was built to test eight glazing technologies, including electrochromic windows, using a simulation-based methodology. The basic case for energy optimization was chosen to be Prabhu Bank (Corporate building). However, the results of the shoe-box model showed that EC glazing only resulted in a 5.12% reduction in EUI. Similar to this, the shoe-box model only showed a negligible 10% reduction in the peak cooling requirement with EC glazing. Peak cooling loads decreased in the real office model by 56.79%, while the EUI decreased by 17.76% without a change in lighting. By comparing it to other static high-performance glazing systems, this study demonstrated that the EC glazing system did perform better at reducing energy.Item Enhancement of Pedestrian Comfort with the help of Wind Corridors through CFD Simulation(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-10) Pokhrel, BiplavThe exponential growth of earth’s temperature alongside the use of materials having high heat capacity, to cater the housing demands, brings about the need for significant cooling mechanisms to improve thermal comfort. Researchers have verified that the use of wind as a cooling agent is the most cost effective and efficient way to reduce the surface air temperature in the long run. This research is focused upon the development of wind corridor to increase the pedestrian thermal comfort for the hot and humid region of Lumbini Sanksritik Municipality by using CFD simulation (ANSYS Fluent). The research includes the simulation of base case scenario with the proposal of multiple solutions for the region to significantly improve the thermal comfort. ANSYS Fluent is used to simulate the plots modelled in SOLIDWORKS where the outputs primarily are obtained in the form of velocity vectors, pressure & velocity contours and velocity streamlines. The research shows that it is possible to have better air flow velocity and circulation than the base case by just following the simple building bylaws during the design process. This increase in flow velocity and improvement of wind circulation has been proven to increase the pedestrian thermal comfort of the region.Item EMERGING URBAN SYSTEM IN FEDERAL SETTING: A CASE STUDY OF PROVINCE ONE IN NEPAL(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-10) Bhandari, RonajThe federal restructuring in the nation has decentralized the perspective of the governance. The research addresses a chain of interlinked aspects that contribute to the study of the economy, road network and corresponding urban center development in Province One. The demographic study is used to identify the emerging urban center while the production capacity in the province is analyzed with respect to the industries. The road networks have been studied and the interlinkage has been observed briefly. The perspective of few stakeholders inclusive of government officials, direct & indirect beneficiaries, local residents, etc. were taken into account to draw appropriate overview of the change in the urban system regarding identification of emerging urban centers. The study of the existing conditions of evolving urban centers gives an overview of the direction of change in urban system few of which has been depicted.Item Models of Institutional Structure for Metropolitan Region Governance: A Case of Kathmandu Valley(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-10) K.C., PrakritiIt’s been half a century since the Kathmandu Valley has been envisioned to be developed as a single planning unit. Many efforts have been made, beginning from the 1969 physical development plan, followed by the formation of the Kathmandu Valley Town Development committee in 1988, the establishment of the Kathmandu Valley Development Authority in 2012, etc., marking some significant efforts. The National Urban Development Strategy has also focused on reviewing, formulating, institutionalizing, and operationalizing the concept of the Kathmandu Valley as a single urban region. The governance includes the private sector, public sector and civil society. For this research, only the public sector has been considered and explored. This research uses international case studies and interviews to explore the modalities commonly accepted by policy makers. This research has suggested modalities broadly categorized into long-term and short-term solutions. The first category demands changes that need to be analyzed and accepted by wide range of policymakers that demand changes on a greater scale, whereas the short-term solutions only demand some changes in the act that will incorporate representatives from all three levels of government in the existing structure of KVDA.Item ENHANCING THERMAL COMFORT IN POST DISASTER RESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION: A CASE OF DOLAKHA TOWN(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-10) SHRESTHA, RAJINAThe research aims to learn about the thermal performance of traditional and post-disaster reconstructed residential buildings of Dolakha town and the ways to enhance thermal comfort through passive design strategies in terms of building envelope. One of the important aspects of building a house is to provide a specific level of desired thermal comfort. Earthquake 2015 and its subsequent aftershocks led to destruction of numbers of houses. The reconstructed buildings lag thermal comfort with modern architectural style. Because of their increased attention to seismic performance, many buildings have neglected the local climatic condition. Enhancement of thermal comfort and attaining energy efficiency is the first step to achieve sustainability in post disaster reconstruction. Various passive design strategies and energy policies of Nepal are studied for energy efficiency in buildings. Szokolay’s Bioclimatic chart is used to determine different passive strategies to achieve thermal comfort in Dolakha town and results from Mahoney’s table are used. Ecotect energy simulation software is used to evaluate the thermal performance of traditional and post disaster reconstructed building. Seven case scenarios were created to optimize post disaster reconstructed building with change in infill wall material and construction technology and window wall ratio. The research concludes that optimizing window wall ratio with double glazed window helps in achieving thermal comfort by 4.37%. Changing infill wall to stone wall in cement mortar helps in optimizing by 22.31%, switching infill wall to cavity wall of Brick shiner wall on either side with air cavity improves efficiency by 18.05% and to cavity wall of half brick on either side with air cavity is improved by 21.56%.Item Fabrication of Metal Oxide/ Activated Carbon Nanocomposite from Jujube (Ziziphus Mauritiana) Seeds for Photodegradation of Dye(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-10) Kumari, AnshuThe photocatalytic degradation of dye from water using metal oxide semiconductor is the study of great interest due to its environmental and health concerns. The aim of this study is to fabricate metal oxide/activated-carbon composite using zinc oxide and copper oxide with agro-base Indian Jujube (Ziziphus Mauritiana) activated-carbon for dye degradation from aqueous solution. Indian Jujube seed was used to synthesize agro-based activated carbon (JAC) using ZnCl2 as an activating agent at carbonization temperature 500°C for 3 hrs. Thus, prepared JAC was used to synthesize metal oxide/activated carbon nanocomposites by one-step hydrothermal process. Both, activated carbon and its composite were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The UV-Vis spectroscopy result showed the increment in band gap of CuO in case of CuO/JAC nanocomposite from ̴ 2.3 eV to ̴ 2.6 eV while decrease in band gap of ZnO in case of ZnO/JAC nano-composite from 3.3 eV to 3.2 eV revealing the enhanced photocatalytic activity of nanocomposites. The kinetic study followed pseudo-first order kinetics for the degradation of MB & MO dye. The rate constant for MB and MO dye degradation using ZnO/JAC were 0.163 min-1 and 0.009 min-1 respectively.Item Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Harro (Terminalia chebula) Seed Stone by Chemical Activation with Phosphoric Acid for Energy Storage Devices.(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-10) Rajguru, Kirti BirIn order to meet the growing energy demand, effective energy storage devices are essential. Harro is a novel and bio-based precursor for the preparation of activated carbon (AC). In energy storage technologies, activated carbon is applied as an electrode material. By utilizing phosphoric acid as the activating agent, study examined at how the carbonization temperature affected the pore structure and surface chemistry of activated carbon from Harro seed stone. The AC was prepared at various temperatures such as 4000C, 5000C, 6000C and 7000C i.e.HS4, HS5, HS6 and HS7. By using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, Surface area, Total pore volume, Iodine number, Micropore volume, Methylene blue number and Raman Spectroscopy, study examined the physiochemical characteristics of the synthesized AC. Using cyclic voltammetry, the synthesized AC's electrochemical performance was examined. Results showed that, the activated carbon at 4000C has the greater surface area, Iodine number and Micropore volume of 977.19 m2/g, 960.45 mg/g and 0.69 cm3/g respectively. And the activated carbon at 7000C has highest value of Methylene blue number and specific capacitance of 334.72mg/g and 9.26× 10-3 Fcm-1 respectively.Item Morphological and Mechanical Characterization of Ag Nanospecies Decorated Electrospun Membrane for Water Purification(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-10) Thapa, KshitijMembrane development includes a wide array of technological fields, which includes design of process and product, various fields of engineering such as materials engineering, chemical engineering, and also interaction phenomena. Progress in membrane technology can help resolve most worldwide problems related to water, healthcare, energy, air, and consequently global warming. Currently, electrospun polymeric fiber membranes are dominant products because of their broad spectrum of materials and process-dependent architecture with desirable physico-chemical properties for diverse applications. The low cost and ease of fabrication of nanofibers with different functionalities make electrospinning superior to other techniques. Using this process, one can easily incorporate nanoparticles of metal and metal oxide through nanofibers to get composite nanomaterials for different applications. In this work, dual membranes, one having amphiphilic/antibacterial and photocatalytic properties and another having antibacterial and hydrophobic properties, are being fabricated using electrospinning.