General Management

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14540/14

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CAPITAL ADEQUACY AND PROFITABILITY OF NEPALESE COMMERCIAL BANKS
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Emdika Thapa Magar; Dhurba Subedi
CONSUMER PERCEPTION ON PACKAGING OF ENERGY DRINKS IN NEPAL
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Jeevan Prashad Dhital; Asso. Prof. Dr. Kapil Khanal
This paper postulates the findings on the consumers purchase decision of various factors of product packaging of energy drinks in Kathmandu valley. It tries to understand the relationship of independent variables (packaging design, packaging innovation, and package labeling and package brand image). The study is important and worthwhile for all the buyers of energy drinks. In the study, 400 sample size has been taken and simple random sampling technique has been used. SPSS software tool has been used to analyse the data. Multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis was carried out. The data was collected from primary source. Using the correlation analysis, it was known that all the packaging variables has significant positive relationship with the consumers purchase decision. Similarly, packaging design was found most influencing independent variables among other variables that makes consumer purchase more. The regression analysis shows that packaging design and packaging innovations significantly affect the consumers purchase decision whereas package labeling and package brand image doesn‘t significantly affect the consumers purchase decision. This study suggest that companies should focus more on its packaging like on design, innovations etc according to consumers needs and wants in the market. The result of this study shows that Company‘s packaging strategy should reflect their brand personality. Company should bring some changes regarding use of design and innovation, which plays a vital role in the sales of products. Company should also invent such packaging where consumers can reuse or recycle it for different purpose in household think.
CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT AND PROFITABILITY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NEPAL
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Ramita Maharjan; Asso. Prof.Rita Maskey
Credit Risk Management and Profitability of commercial Banks in Nepal help to determained is any credit institution's success or failure can be directly attributed to poor credit risk management. The primary worry of the banks is credit risk and its administration as credit or credits and advances are the principal kind of revenue for them. This concentrate hence expects to look at the effect of credit risk the board on productivity of banks in Nepal. For five years (2018-19 to 2022-23), secondary data were gathered from Nepali commercial banks. The multiple regression analysis was used in this study. The finding shows that all the example banks have overseen advances as well as the nonperforming credits. The connection examination shows that credit and advance (LA) has critical connection with non-performing credit (NPL) in 1% degree of importance with relationship coefficients 0.466 which truly intends that there is moderate level of positive relationship among's credit and advance and non-performing advance. Simultaneously, credit and advance (LA) has critical connection with advance deficit arrangement (LLP) and net benefit (NP) in 1% degree of importance. Be that as it may, there is immaterial positive connection between's non-performing credit and net benefit. This study recommends that Nepalese commercial banks collaborate with credit reference bureaus in the country to thoroughly investigate the past credit worthiness records of loan applicants in order to reduce the rate of default. Additionally, the result found that loan and advance, non-performing loan, and loan loss provision have a significant impact on sample banks' profitability. Key words: Credit risk, profitability, loan & advance, non-performing loan.
DETERMINANTS OF EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION IN NEPALESE ORGANIZATIONS
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Sujata Bhandari; Asso. Prof. Dr. Kapil Khanal
Employee pay is a crucial aspect of the employer-employee dynamic, impacting the performance of both parties involved. This study seeks to investigate the correlation between employee financial compensation and their overall job satisfaction, including extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Utilizing a Convenience sampling method, this research employs descriptive and causal research designs. Statistical tools such as ANOVA, Ttests, correlation, and regression analysis are applied. The study focuses on commercial banks in Kathmandu Valley, using questionnaires to gauge the influence of compensation on employee satisfaction. This research examines Employee Compensation as the outcome variable, with commitment, rewards, appreciation, and fairness as the predictors. The findings indicate a robust positive correlation between appreciation and commitment, as well as between rewards and appreciation. Regression analysis demonstrates that commitment, rewards, appreciation, and fairness all exert a positive and statistically significant influence on Employee Compensation. Key word: Performance appraisal, Employee motivation, Nepalese commercial bank
DETERMINANTS OF EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN NEPALESE COMMERCIAL BANKS
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Chandra Bahadur Sapkota; Asso. Prof. Dr. Kapil Khanal
The research study titled "Determinants of Employees' Retention in Nepalese Commercial Banks" investigates factors influencing employee retention in Nepalese commercial banks, focusing on job attributes, work environment, team building, career development, and quality of work life as independent variables, with employees' retention as the dependent variable. Data was collected through Google questionnaires from 190 respondents working in these banks and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools, such as mean, standard deviation, frequency analysis, correlation, regression, and hypothesis testing, were employed. In conclusion, the study sheds light on the factors that influence employee retention in Nepalese commercial banks. The research methodology involving primary data collection through Google questionnaires and statistical analysis using SPSS software proved effective in providing a comprehensive understanding of employee perceptions and experiences. The moderate levels of satisfaction in various aspects of the job and work environment suggest room for improvement to strengthen employee retention. By addressing the factors identified, such as promoting effective leadership, fostering diversity and inclusion, offering career development opportunities, and ensuring a positive work culture, banks can foster a more engaged and satisfied workforce. Ultimately, these efforts can contribute to the long-term success and growth of Nepalese commercial banks by retaining valuable talent and creating a positive work environment for all employees. Keywords: Employees' Retention. Job Attributes, Work Environment, Team Building, Career Development, Quality of Work Life
EFFECT OF JOB STRESS ON EMPLOYEE TURNOVER INTENTION IN NEPALESE DEVELOPMENT BANKS
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Suraj Khadka; Indra Bahadur Bohara
This study investigates the effect of job stress on employee turnover intention in Nepalese development banks. This study is based on descriptive research design and causal-comparative research design. 384 employees or respondents are taken from development banks as a sample of the study. Correlation and regression analysis is used to analyze the data. This study shows that work overload, working environment, role ambiguity and supervisor support are the major determinants of job stress which lead to increase employee turnover in Nepalese development banks. The analysis also shows that the majority of the respondents highly agreed that work overload factors are affecting their employee turnover. This study also reveals that a significant positive association between work overload and employee turnover. Likewise, there is significant negative relation between working environment and the employee turnover. But there is significant positive relationship between role ambiguity and the employee turnover. At last, correlation value between supervisor support and the employee turnover is significant negative. Regression analysis shows that work overload and role ambiguity have significant positive effect employee turnover. However, working environment and supervisor support have significant negative effect on turnover among employee in Nepalese development banks.
EFFECT OF WORK LIFE BALANCE ON JOB SATISFACTION IN NEPALESE DEVELOPMENT BANKS
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Risha Chhetri; Mikha Shrestha
This study investigates the effect of work life balance on job satisfaction in Nepalese development banks. This study is based on descriptive research design and causalcomparative research design. 400 employees or respondents are taken from development banks as a sample of the study. The primary data are used to extract the information from the employees. For data collection, Convenience sampling is used to track the respondents for the study. Correlation and regression analysis is used to analyze the data. This study found that workplace support and working hours are the factor highly affects their satisfaction and they believe that their satisfaction was also high. The correlation analysis shows that workplace support has significant positive relationship with job satisfaction of employee in Nepalese development banks. Then, work to family interference has negative and significant association with job satisfaction. There is also negative and significant relationship between family to work life balance and job satisfaction. Moreover, working hours has significant positive relationship with job satisfaction of development banks in Nepal. The regression result concluded that workplace support has significant positive impact on job satisfaction in Nepalese development banks. Then, there is significant negative effect of work to family interference and family to work interference on employee job satisfaction in banks. Finally, working hours has significant positive impact on employee job satisfaction of development banks in Nepal. Hence, it can be concluded that all the factors have significant impact on job satisfaction means work life balance has the significant impact on employee job satisfaction in Nepalese development banks.
EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN NEPALESE COMMERCIAL BANKS
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Binita Maharjan; Asso. Prof. Dr. Kapil Khanal
The objective of the study is to evaluate and investigate the employee satisfaction with human resource management of Nepalese commercial banks. This study adopts descriptive research design to analyze the human resource management status which causes employee satisfaction in Nepalese commercial bank. Causal-comparative design is used to find the cause and effect of relationship between different factors and employee satisfaction in Nepalese commercial banks. The regression analysis on dependent variable (employee satisfaction) and independent variables i.e. recruitment and selection (RS), training and development (TD), compensation policy (CP) and performance appraisal (PA) is analyzed in SPSS software. It is found that that there is very strong positive relation between performance appraisal and employee satisfaction in comparison to other variables of HRM practice studied in this study. Although all the variables are positively associated with employees’ satisfaction in Nepalese commercial banks. There are some complaints from some employees about the recruitment and selection and training and development program of the banks, since these variables have low degree relationship with employee satisfaction. The most significant factor of HRM practice to increase employee satisfaction is performance appraisal system followed by compensation policy of the banks. The bank management should particularly work to improve these dimensions in order to obtain happier and more productive employees.
ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN KATHMANDU
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Mallika Joshi; Sita Dhital
The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. The descriptive and causal comparative research design has applied in this research. The descriptive and causal comparative research design has applied in this research. The study has based on statistical test such as correlation, regression analysis etc. Considering the purpose and requirements of this research, the Descriptive and Causal comparative research design has employed. The population of the study involved entrepreneurs from Kathmandu Metropolitan city in Bagmati Province, Nepal. Convenience sampling, a nonprobability sampling method, was implemented as the only online medium used for data collection. Similarly, out of 425 questionnaires issued, 410 sample responses were successfully collected. In conclusion, the analysis highlights the importance of Autonomy, Risk Taking, Networking, and Innovation as key factors influencing the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. These findings emphasize the need for entrepreneurs to foster an environment that encourages entrepreneurial autonomy, embraces risk-taking opportunities, establishes strong networking connections, and promotes innovation in order to enhance the performance of their businesses. The results indicate that Autonomy, Risk Taking, Networking, and Innovation play crucial roles in driving Small and Medium Enterprises Business performance. Entrepreneurs and small business owners should strive to create an environment that promotes these factors to enhance their business outcomes. However, the role of Pro-activeness requires further examination to ascertain its significance in the context of Small and Medium Enterprises Business performance. These findings emphasize the need for entrepreneurs to foster an environment that encourages entrepreneurial autonomy, embraces risk-taking opportunities, establishes strong networking connections, and promotes innovation in order to enhance the performance of their businesses. Key words: Autonomy, Business performance of Small and Medium Enterprises, Innovation, Networking, Pro-activeness, Risk-taking
FACTOR AFFECTING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN NEPALESE COMMERCIAL BANKS
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Sita Thapa; Asso. Prof. Dr. Kapil Khanal
This study investigates the factors affecting employee performance in Nepalese commercial banks. This study is based on descriptive research design and causalcomparative research design. 400 employees or respondents are taken from three government banks as a sample of the study. Correlation and regression analysis is used to analyze the data. This study found that employee agreed that job satisfaction factor highly affects their performance and they believe that their performance was also high. The correlation analysis shows that leadership and employee performance is significant positive between these variables. At the same time, there is significant positive association between working environment and the employee performance. Similarly, correlation value between motivation and the employee performance is significant positive. Moreover, correlation value between job satisfaction and the employee performance is significant positive. The regression result concluded that there is significant positive effect of leadership on employee performance. Then, there is also significant positive effect of working environment on employee performance in banks. At the meantime, motivation has significant positive impact on employee performance. Finally, job satisfaction has significant positive effect on employee performance in banks. Hence, all the factors have significant impact on employee performance in Nepalese commercial banks within Kathmandu Valley. Key words: Employees performance, leadership, working environment, motivation and job satisfaction,.
FACTOR INFLUENCING IN SAVING BEHAVIOR OF NEPALESE CONSUMER
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2023) Dilli Ram Dawadi; Dr. Dhan Raj Chalise
The purpose of this study is to identify the factor influencing saving behavior of Nepalese consumers. A sample size of 205 was used from Banking jobs, Government employees, institutional school and government school teachers, working in local business and operator of enterprises in Nepal using convenience sampling technique. The study used quantitative approaches, and a questionnaire was designed. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to determine the factor influence of saving behavior of Nepalese consumers. SPSS software was used in analysis the questionnaires. Demographic analysis, normality test, reliability test (Cronbach’s Alpha), descriptive analysis and regression analysis were presented. Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis were used to assess both relationships and effects as per the hypotheses of the study. Descriptive statistics show that the most significant value associated with parental influence and peer influence with reference to financial literacy, self-control and entrepreneurial intention. Financial literacy has the highest mean value corresponding to 3.5293 and standard deviation value of 0.92802, parental influence scores the second highest mean value corresponding to 3.48 and standard deviation value of 0.80023, and self-control has the lowest mean value corresponding to 2.4138 and standard deviation value of 0.89822. Regression coefficient analysis shows that there is a significant and positive relationship between parental and peer influence and saving behavior of Nepalese consumers while there was insignificant and negative relationship between entrepreneurial intention and saving behavior of Nepalese consumers while financial literacy and self-control was moderate positive correlation. Keywords: Saving behavior; Peer influence; Parental influence; Self-control; Entrepreneurial intention
FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN NEPALESE INSURANCE COMPANIES
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Samata Sharma Poudel; Keshar Singh Khati / Keshav Chand
The research aims to analyze the relationship between compensation, leadership, training and development, work environment, and employee retention in life insurance companies. Additionally, it seeks to examine the impact of these factors on employee retention. These objectives stem from the problem statement, focusing on whether there is a relationship between compensation, leadership, training and development, work environment, and employee retention, and what the impact of these factors is. The study employs a descriptive and causal-comparative research design, using correlation and regression analysis to achieve its goals. Compensation, leadership, training and development, and work environment are the independent variables, while employee retention is the dependent variable. The sample includes three insurance companies with 400 respondents selected through convenience sampling. The research findings indicate that compensation and employee retention are perfectly correlated and significant. Similarly, leadership and employee retention, as well as training and development with employee retention, show perfect and significant correlations. The work environment also has a significant and perfect correlation with employee retention. Furthermore, the impacts of compensation, leadership, training and development, and work environment on employee retention are all significant. Keywords: compensation, leadership, training and development, work environment and employee retention
FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEES’ PERSONAL DECISION TO LEAVE EMPLOYMENT FACTORS
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Atul Pudasaini; Asso. Prof. Dr. Kapil Khanal
The study on Factors Affecting Employees’ Personal Decision to Leave Employment completed by scholars. The objectives of study were to analyze the factor which influences employee’s personal decision to leave job, examine the relationship between job, leave as dependent variable and independent variable job satisfaction, commitment, personal fit or stress and examine factors impact on employee’s personal decision to leave job. The research was completed under the descriptive and analytical research design taking sample size 400 by convenience techniques out of the bank’s employees in Kathmandu valley. Similarly, the sample banks were Global IME, Mega bank limited, Prabhu bank limited, Sanima bank limited, NMB bank limited, SBI bank limited, and Sunrise bank limited out of 21 commercial banks in Nepal. The secondary nature and source of data were used collected through the structural questionnaire as convenience sampling, where data were analyzed through the descriptive statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, correlation and regression model. The finding of the study was there significant correlation among the dependent variable employee’s personal decision to leave employment and independent variables employee perception, external opportunities, commitment, support etc. and the EPD, EPO, EPS, and EPC significantly influences the personal decision of employees to leave employment ate 0.05 level. The conclusion of study that banks should consider the factor which influences the personal decision to leave job in banks. Which helps to minimize the requirement cost of banks and max the productivity
Human Resource Management in Tea Industry of Nepal
(Faculty of management, 2008) Rai, Prithbi Bikram
Not available
IMPACT OF DIVIDEND ON MARKET PRICE OF STOCK OF COMMERCIAL BANKS OF NEPAL
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Pritika Sah; Kiran Thapa
IMPACT OF INTEREST RATE ON STOCK MARKET IN NEPAL
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Sandhya Sigdel; Asso. Prof. Dr. Kapil Khanal
This research explores the relationship between interest rates and stock market performance in Nepal, focusing on the period from mid-July 2012 to mid-July 2022. The Nepalese stock market, represented by the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE), has evolved significantly since its inception, serving as a critical platform for capital mobilization and economic growth. Interest rates, including deposit rates, lending rates, bank rates, and Treasury bills rates, are examined as potential factors influencing stock market behaviour. The study employs quantitative methods to analyse annual data, investigating how changes in interest rates affect the NEPSE index, which serves as a barometer of market sentiment and economic health in Nepal. Through regression analysis and hypothesis testing, the study evaluates the impact of these interest rates on stock market returns, providing insights that are crucial for investors, policymakers, and stakeholders in understanding market dynamics. Key findings highlight the significant influence of deposit and lending rates on stock prices, underscoring their role in shaping investor behaviour and market performance. Conversely, Treasury bills rates exhibit a lesser impact, suggesting nuanced interactions between different interest rate mechanisms and stock market movements. The study contributes valuable insights into the Nepalese financial market landscape, offering implications for investment strategies, policy formulations, and future research directions. This research is instrumental for stakeholders seeking to navigate and leverage the interplay between interest rates and stock market dynamics in Nepal, ultimately fostering informed decision-making and market efficiency.
IMPACT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT ON ORGANIZATION COMMITMENT IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NEPAL
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Keyur Lama; Arun Neupane
The research reveals that Social support plays a prominent role in a Banking sector and on an individual‘s commitment towards the fulfillment of employees and organizational goals. Among the Job support, Managerial Support and Organizational Support which falls under the categories of Social support, the employees of private bank in Nepal considered the factors as an important to continue the job and maintain sound well-being of the employees with satisfaction. Research has demonstrated the impact of social support in organizational commitment in Nepalese commercial banks. For the survey, 202 employees were randomly selected from Nepalese commercial banks. The data analysis is conducted through the calculation of frequencies: mean, standard deviation, Cronbach alpha, correlation and regression analysis. The performance measures like organizational commitment has been used as dependent variable while organizational support, managerial support, job support have been considered as independent variable. The results indicate that organizational support and managerial support have a positive and significant impact on organizational commitment. In contrast, job support has an insignificant impact on organizational commitment. The study also investigated the effects that perceived support from supervisors, co-workers and organizations had on employees‘ commitment to the employing and client organizations. It is suggested that the Banks top management should put attention much more to make a direct relationship between social support and organizational commitment. In doing so the top management should enhance the social support among employees by providing reasonable retirement benefit, PPF, monetary benefit etc. Keeping in view to sustain the level of employees commitment at higher level, top management should be very carefully match the length of tenure and social support. In the greater interest of increasing organizational commitment, through the increase level of efficiency of employees the top management should create a work culture environment within the organization. It is likely that there is relationship between how much an employee perceives support from supervisors and co-workers and the level of commitment they have towards the organization. Keywords: Social Support, Organizational Commitment, Banking Sector.
IMPACT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF STEELS COMPANY IN NEPAL
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Bishnu Prasad Banjade; Sita Dhital
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between training and development initiatives and the overall productivity of Nepalese steel businesses. The research uses surveys to collect information on existing training procedures, career planning, employee participation, and perceived benefits, emphasizing the significance of training for employee skill development and organizational performance. It examines these variables for various age ranges, genders, and job titles within the organizations. The influence of these implementation problems on performance is identified by the research. This is corroborated by a 150-observation analysis that found no meaningful link between organizational development and conventional predictors such career planning, training, and development. The study urges greater research in this field and highlights the need for a more thorough understanding of the variables influencing organizational development. Notwithstanding this surprising discovery, the study provides insightful information about the state of training in the Nepalese steel sector. It ends by offering helpful suggestions for maximizing training and development initiatives. These include ideas for customized training, encouraging a culture of lifelong learning, delivering training via technology, and coordinating training with market conditions and organizational objectives. It also identifies challenges in implementing effective training strategies and their impact on organizational performance which are already defined and found by the survey conducted to 150 of the employees obtained. The findings highlight the need for continuous investment in training and development to enhance skills and job performance. Recommendations include career planning for improving training programs and development on effectiveness, fostering a culture of continuous learning, leveraging technology-enabled learning, and aligning training with organizational goals. The study undergoes descriptive and analytical analysis to see the impact of training and development on organizational performance of steels industry. At the end the study will provide practical recommendations to Nepalese steel companies for optimizing training and development efforts, by implementing tailored programs, promoting continuous learning and skill development, investing in technology-based solutions, and aligning training initiatives with organizational goals and market dynamics. Suggestions for further research will also be offered.
INFLUENCE OF EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN NEPALESE COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NEPAL
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Bibek Udas; Asso. Prof. Dr. Kapil Khanal
This study, "Influence of Employee Retention in Nepalese Commercial Banks" investigates the critical factors influencing employee retention within the major state-owned banks in Nepal. Employee retention is essential for maintaining productivity, stability, and reducing operational costs. The research examines five key variables: Employee Benefits (EB), Recruitment and Selection (RS), Job Assignments and Opportunities (JAO), Performance Appraisals (PA), and Training and Development (TD). A descriptive research design was used, and data were collected from 210 employees through structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, employing both descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including correlation and regression analyses. The findings reveal that competitive compensation, effective recruitment processes, clear career advancement paths, fair performance appraisals, and comprehensive training programs are significant predictors of employee retention. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of fostering supportive organizational cultures and implementing work-life balance initiatives tailored to employees' needs. The research provides valuable insights into the dynamics of employee retention within Nepalese commercial banks, offering practical recommendations for bank management. By developing targeted retention strategies, banks can enhance employee satisfaction, reduce turnover rates, and improve overall operational efficiency and organizational performance. This study fills existing research gaps by providing a comprehensive analysis of employee retention in Nepal's banking sector and establishes a framework for future research in this area.
INFULANCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON PERFORMANCE OF NEPLEASE COMMERICIAL BANKS
(Shanker Dev Campus, 2024) Anita Bogati; Dr. Binita Manandhar

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