Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus from Various Clinical Samples Collected in Bir Hospital

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is an important and common cause of community-acquired as well as hospital-acquired infections. Moreover, methicillin resistant strains ofS. aureus,usually being resistant to several antibiotics, are now presenting the major threat inmany different countries throughout the world.The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of infection caused byS.aureus as well as MRSA strains and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.In the study, total 744 pus samples collected during the period of November 2009 to March 2010 in Microbiology Laboratory of Bir Hospital. All the samples were analyzed by conventional culture method. Out of 744 clinical samples, a total of 125 S. aureusstrains were isolated. Among 125 isolates, 64.8% (n=81) were from outpatients and35.2% (n=44) were from admitted patients. Likewise, 53.6% (n=67) were from male patients and 46.4% (n=58) were from female patients. Overall, the highest percentage of S. aureus isolation (41.6%) was found in age group of below 10 years. Antibiogram of all 125 S. aureus strains showed chloramphenicol (77.6%) was most effective drug, followed by oxacillin (71.2%), ciprofloxacin (67.2%), cloxacillin (64%), tetracyclin (62.4%), erythromycin (54.4%), amoxycillin (49.6%) and the least effectivedrug was found to be co-trimoxazole (44%). Prevalence of MRSA, using oxacillindisks, was found to be 28.8% (n=36) whereas, vancomycin was found to be 100%effective. Out of 36 MRSA strains, the maximum number of strains (n=25) were isolated from the outpatients. Similarly, in overall, the highest number of MRSA isolates (n=12) was found in the patients of age group 21-30 years.High prevalence of staphylococcal infection and the infection due to MRSA in the hospital patients shows the need of regular surveillance. The study also shows the need of evaluation of antibiotic disks before the study in Nepal.Key words:S. aureus, antibiogram, MRSA, oxacillin, Bir Hospital