SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PLANNING AND MODEL DESIGN WITH INCLUSION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY: A CASE OF RESIDENTIA SECTOR AT KIRTIPUR MUNICIPALITY

Abstract

Rapid urbanization has made Kathmandu Valley one of the fastest growing metropolitan cities in South Asia, resulting to higher energy demand. Kirtipur municipality has the highest population growth rate of 4.47% leading to higher energy demand in near future. The recent blockade has revealed the current energy security of Nepal. This research deals with the current energy consumption pattern and energy demand of Kirtipur municipality and Sustainable energy planning with inclusion of Renewable energy. A primary survey was conducted with the household questionnaire and the secondary data were collected from various resources. Data collected were further analyzed on Microsoft-Excel to find out the current energy consumption in the case area. And further analyzed on the Long- Range Energy Alternative Planning System with the energy model with bottom to top approach. The total energy consumption of Kirtipur municipality was 261.5 TJ in 2018. Cooking was the most energy intensive end use and use of import fuel Liquefied Petroleum Gas has the higher demand. If none of the interventions are made in near future and the current energy consumption trend is continued the sustainable goal for multitier matrix cannot be meet by 2030 i.e. electricity consumption per household per year should be more than 3000Kwh. Two scenarios Electrification by Hydro Electricity (EHE) and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) were developed with the fuel switching to clean energy and energy efficient technology i.e. Hydro Electricity, Solar electricity and Solar energy. The SDG scenario moreover focuses on the electricity generation from the Rooftop Solar PV resulting to 54% of Total Electricity demand can be substituted by the electricity generated through the rooftop solar PV. The self- generation of electricity from the Solar PV not only minimize the Grid Load but also provides the energy security and reduce Green House Gas emission. Electricity can be self-generated with the Solar roof Photovoltaics so for the further development of the Roof top Solar home system model design of Solar roof Photovoltaics has been done as per the building bye laws of Kirtipur municipality. The social use of the roof of the house has also been taken as the factors affecting for the model design of Roof top Solar PV. The policies should be driven by strategies for utilization of indigenous renewable resources instead of importing petroleum products. With the effective policy intervention, the energy demand and the emissions and the economic aspects can be minimized for the sustainable energy planning.