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Marketing strategies and sales performance of food management and trading company limited for fortified rice in Nepal
(Faculty of Mnagement, 2026-01) Neupane, Chandrika; Pratibha Pandit
The study has evaluated the impact marketing strategy has on sales performance of Food Management and Trading Company Limited in Nepal to fortified rice, and the specific objectives have included assessing the current situation of marketing strategy and sales performance, analyzing the relationship among product strategy, pricing strategy, place strategy, and promotion strategy and sales performance of the company, and evaluating the individual impact of the above. The research design that has been adopted in the study is descriptive and causal. The target population has included all marketing staff of the company. The sample that has used in the study is 162 respondents who have been chosen based on the purposive sampling method. The data has been quantitative in nature and data gathered has been in form of primary data using structured questionnaires. Data analysis has been done by use of reliability, demographics, descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis. Sales Performance has been considered the dependent variable and Product Strategy, Pricing Strategy, Place Strategy and Promotion Strategy have been taken as the independent variables. The results of reliability have demonstrated satisfactory to high internal consistency of all constructs. The demographic findings have shown that the majority of the respondents are young, male, well educated, and have comparatively small work experience. The level of perception of marketing strategies especially the promotion and place strategies has been found to be moderate to high. It has been noted that correlation analysis indicates positive correlation between Product Strategy, Place Strategy and Promotion Strategy with sales performance and pricing strategy has a weak correlation. The results of the regression have affirmed that the promotion and place strategies have a strong positive influence, product strategy has moderate influence, and pricing strategy has no significant influence. It has been concluded that coordinated promotion and distribution strategies have proved the most important in sales performance with implications to aspect of strategic marketing focus and resource allocation in the realm of practical implications
Cross-border irregular migration of rohingyas in Nepal
(2026) Khadka, Rajendra; Bhim Raj Suwal
This dissertation analyzes the patterns, causes, and security implications of Rohingya irregular migration to Nepal and evaluates Nepal’s preparedness for emerging security challenges. Although Rohingyas are treated as “unmanaged refugees,” Nepal has not granted them formal refugee status. Unlike Bhutanese or Tibetan refugees, the Rohingya issue has received limited administrative, policy, and academic attention. This study aims to fill that gap by examining the issue from a political science perspective at both the domestic and international levels, with particular focus on border dynamics.
The research examines Nepal’s laws, policies, and border security practices, especially along the Nepal–India border. Using social network theory, it explores why Rohingyas migrate to Nepal and how migration networks,family ties, kinship, friendships, and community connectionsfacilitate their movement. Security implications are analyzed through Robert Putnam’s two-level framework, assessing both domestic and international impacts, including border management challenges, human trafficking, drug smuggling, and human security concerns.
The study uses a qualitative methodological approach within a constructivist paradigm. Data were collected from legal documents, policy reports, literature, and interviews with security officials in the Jhapa, Morang, and Parsa districts, as well as case studies of seven Rohingya migrants. Thematic and discourse analysis were used to examine how Rohingya migration is framed as a security issue and how such narratives influence legal and policy responses.
Findings highlight three key areas: migration routes and causes, Nepal’s legal and policy responses, and implications for border management and national security. viii Despite existing policies on border security and irregular migration, implementation is weak due to unclear institutional roles, overlapping responsibilities, open borders, and limited resources. Rohingya migrants enter Nepal through Bangladesh and India using brokers, family networks, and social media connections. While their numbers remain small, potential risks related to transnational crime and instability cannot be ignored.
The study concludes that Nepal faces a policy dilemma between national security and humanitarian obligations. A balanced and comprehensive strategy is needed to manage irregular migration while respecting human rights. Addressing the Rohingya issue is important for Nepal’s national security, regional diplomacy, and international reputation. Security mechanisms along the international border are insufficient and must be strengthened with modern technology, smart border security measures, and well-trained manpower.
The impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Nepal
(2026) Mandal, Ram Briksh; Sohan Kumar Karna
The study measures the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Nepalese Economy. It examines how FDI affects economic growth in Nepal. It aims to review Nepal's laws and policies on foreign direct investment. It looks at the structure and trends of foreign direct investment inflows in Nepal. And finally, it analyzes the impact of FDI on Nepal's economic growth.
To meet the objectives, the researcher followed descriptive as well as analytical type of research design. The latest econometric techniques have been used to test empirically the hypotheses developed using data. Employed a growth model, the study examines the trend and pattern of FDI; the ordinary least square method; the unit root tests with Augmented Dickey Fuller and Phillips-Person methods; the Johansen co-integration test and vector error correction model for defining the LR and SR relationship among the variables with diagnostic tests of the model. It covers the sample period from 1984 to 2020 employing time-series data. This gives 36 annual observations. The data comes from trusted national and international sources. Nepal has adopted several rule and regulation to achieve more FDI. The trend and pattern of FDI is low compared to South Asian region. The main reasons for low foreign investment inflow are political instability, autocratic harassment of foreign investors, insufficient infrastructures, delay of processing, and challenging business environment.
The study reveals that foreign direct investment, government capital expenditure, remittance and openness have a positive impact in long run, the study shows that a 1 percent increase in foreign direct investment, government capital expenditure, remittance and openness are 0.117 percent, 0.41 percent,0.88 percent and 1.77 percent increases economic growth respectively. On the other hand, gross national savings and Moist insurgency have a negative impact on economic growth in the LR, a 1 percent increase in gross national saving, and Moist insurgency are 0.93 percent, 0.44 decreases GDP respectively.
Similarly, the foreign direct investment and remittance have a negative relationship in short run, a 1 percent increases in foreign direct investment and remittance have are 0.04 percent, and 0.14 percent decreases on the economic growth respectively other hand, gross national saving have a positive impact in long run, a percent increases in gross national saving, associate with 0.20 percent increases in economic growth. Remaining variables such as capital expenditure, openness and moist insurgency have not statistically significant. Therefore, these variables have no evidence of SR relationship.
Therefore, to achieve the economic growth of Nepal with foreign direct investment, Nepal has need invested the foreign direct investment in the reliable projects. There should be policy stability, transparency and accountability in operations, a culture of correct information flow, development of reliable infrastructure, development of skilled human resources, cordial industrial relations, strong capital market, zero corruption and responsible business behavior. Nepal needs to maintain growth momentum to improve market size, frame policies to make better use of their abundant labor forces and follows open trade policies for attracting more foreign direct investment.