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Prevalence of Blood Protozoan parasite in Cattle of Ghorahi Sub-metropolitan City, Dang
(2025) Dangi, Binita; Kishor Pandey
Blood protozoan infections are widespread in cattle and result in significant losses to the livestock industry. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of blood protozoan parasites in Ghorahi Sub Metropolitan City, Dang. A total of 150 blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of cattle between October and November 2024. The samples were examined microscopically under high-power magnification (1000x) using immersion oil at the Central Department of Zoology Laboratory in Kirtipur. Hemoparasites were found
in 23.33% of cases. The most common types of these parasites were Babesia, Anaplasma, and Theileria each with different prevalence rates of 12%, 6% and 5.33% respectively. The occurrence of different blood protozoan infections in cattle was found to be statistically insignificant (χ2= 5.65, p>0.0596). Among the blood protozoan parasites identified, the age-wise prevalence of blood protozoans’ parasites, young cattle had 25.45% prevalence rate and adult cattle were found to have an infection rate of 22.10%
with no significant association (χ2= 0.071325, p-value=0.7894). Sex wise prevalence of blood protozoans’ parasites showed that 19.75% of male cattle and 27.53% of female cattle showing statistically insignificant (χ2=0.86416, p=0.3526). Ward- wise prevalence of blood protozoan parasites showed 18.91% in ward 4, 21.62% in ward 8, while 24.32% in ward 12 and 28.20% in ward 16 with statistically insignificant (χ2= 1.3097, pvalue=0.7268). However, there was no regular healthcare provided to the cattle concerning blood protozoan parasites. This suggests a higher prevalence of blood parasites among the cattle in Ghorahi, Dang.
Cultural Transfer in Legal Translation ; Domestication of Legal practices in Nepali Laws and Legal Systems
(2026) Bhattarai, Achyutananda; Amma Raj Joshi
Foreign legal apparatuses and values have been appropriated in Nepali laws and the legal system through translation. As a set of skills that help a message travel from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL), translation involves language, values, and cultural perspectives that play a significant role in legal translation as well. Such a transfer involves word-for-word or sense-for-sense appropriation, and this research uses the second one to appropriate foreign legal culture into Nepali laws and legal systems. In the legal field, such an appropriation and transfer is evident. During this process, the SL culture is prominently transferred to the TL. In Nepali laws, foreign culture has been appropriated congruously and incongruously, and this study examines such appropriation through translation, the reasons, and produces textual and practical evidence. This qualitative research has collected primary data from the Constitution of Nepal 2015, the National Civil (Code) Act 2017, the National Penal (Code) Act 2017, the Evidence Act of 1974, and the Act Relating to Children 2018 using the SL and the authorized TL version and has compared and contrasted with the US Constitution, the Marriage Act 1949 of England, Matrimonial Causes Act, 1973 (divorce) of England and Wales, the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 (ICCPR), the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 (CRC), and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 1998 (ICC), the French Civil Code, the German Penal Code, and the Japanese Penal Code to explore the congruities and incongruities. This is descriptive analytical work that has interpreted data using the hermeneutic interpretative method. As a conceptual framework, this research has used Alex. Fraser Tytler's (1907) principles of translation, J. L. Austin's (1962) speech act theory, and H. Paul Grice's (1975) cooperative principles to explore the legislative intent of the source text. Hans J. Vermeer and Mary Snell-Hornby's (1980s) concepts of translation as a cross-cultural event, Lawrence Venuti's (1990s) domestication and foreignization strategies for cultural transfer, and Alan Watson's (2006) concept of legal transplant. This research finds that, due to the influence of globalization and the need for modernization of Nepali law, Nepal has adopted foreign legal culture congruously in principles and incongruously in practices. In the Constitution of Nepal and the national civil and penal codes, Nepal has appropriated foreign legal principles as a cultural compromise. The appropriation of human rights, corporate, and environmental laws is a need to modernize the Nepali legal system. Not only the laws, but also legal maxims and terminologies are appropriated. This research enriches the readers with new knowledge that legal translation has transferred foreign legal culture to the Nepali legal system, and based on this research, the prospective researcher can explore the cultural identity, policy implications in legislative drafts, future law reform plans, and translation practices in Nepal.
Perception of Students towards Yoga Practice in Basic Level School
(2024) Joshi, Padam Raj; Shailandra Chiluwal
The study entitled "Perception of Students towards Yoga Practice in Basic Level School" was conducted at Janasewa Secondary School in Kirtipur, Kathmandu. The primary objective of this research was to explore students' perceptions of yoga practice at the basic level and to identify the needs of yoga practice for basic-level students. This research has been carried out based on quantitative design, utilizing a primary data source. Out of the total 286 students in classes 6, 7 and 8, sample of 150 boys and girls were randomly selected through lottery method. Data collection relied
on a set of questionnaires, and the gathered information underwent tabulation, presentation under various titles and subtitles, and conversion into percent for interpretation and analysis. Analysis of the knowledge enhancement section reveals that most of the respondents were positive perception, while a few respondents were negative perception to it. Regarding the students' practice of yoga, most of the respondents
were negative perception, whereas the need for yoga was perceived positively by majority of the students. To address the identified moderation, it is recommended that yoga has to incorporate compulsorily in school curriculum of basic-level schools, accompanied by the appointment of dedicated yoga teachers. This strategic approach ensures that students receive consistent and standardized yoga education. Furthermore, recognizing the micro-level scope of the current research, it is suggested to extend future studies to a macro level for a more comprehensive understanding of students' perceptions towards yoga practice in diverse settings.