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Islamic Culture and Society in Rajpur Municipality of Rautahat District
(2022) Bharati, Pramod Kumari; Ramesh Raj Kunwar
Culture is about the social behavior, values, norms, beliefs and customs of the individual.
Different groups have different culture and beliefs. Islam is followed by Muslim which is
rich in cultural practice. This study was conducted to examine the cultural values of Islam
communities and find the current livelihood challenges faced by the people of Rajpur
Municipality of Rautahat district of Nepal.
The study is based on the document analysis, field visit and interviews from elected
representatives and government officials along with the local residents of the
municipality. This study is first of its kind to find the in-depth details about the social and
cultural status of Muslims community of Rautahat district. An ethnographic study was
conducted with interviews undertaken from households, municipality officials,
community leaders, schools and Madarsha representatives.
It was found that the livelihood strategies of people of Rajpur are different as they are
involved in different occupations. Despite being the majority population, Muslims have
very good harmony and social engagements with people from other religion. After
analyzing the livelihood strategies of Muslim people of Rajpur, it was found that people
have been involved in various works from agriculture to bag making, sewing and selling
bangles. There was common perception that when one has money, they can maintain
good social relationship, develop infrastructures and easily fulfill all their needs. It was
found the Madarsah system was important for the people of Rajpur to learn urdu
language. The education system has already shifted from particular urdu based Madarsah
to multidisciplinary Islamic school in Rajpur. But, the local government has been facing
challenges to integrate Madarsah with the normal schools.
This study recommends conducting a detail survey of Muslim people throughout Nepal
due to the huge variation of culture and socio-economic practices in order to understand
the overview of traditional beliefs and modern systems.
Key Words: Culture, Islam, Muslim, Society, Quran
Infrastructure Development and Water Inundation in Rautahat District
(2022) Chhetri, Mohan Bahadur; Naresh Rimal
Historically flooding and inundation were received as boon and over time population
growth and chaotic urbanization brings serious challenges to the communities overall
livelihood. Infrastructure such as road, embankments, dams, bridges, railway track
along with degradation of the Chure Ecological Region has escalated the impact of
flooding and inundation in the area. This research has been developed with the
objective to understand the disaster phenomenon of Rautahat District with reference
to inundation.
The qualitative research offers key understanding via collection of primary data
gathered through open-ended interview questions, focus group discussions, key informant
interaction and stakeholders meeting. The data analysis and interpretation
indicate, although Rautahat District is often affected by flooding and disaster for a
longer period of time, con temporarily increased urbanization and infrastructural
growth is key to recurrence of inundation. Among the various infrastructure, the
absence of strategic infrastructure such as road, dam, embankment, railway tracks and
the urbanization pattern proves to be the factor for contributing to increased disaster
events. The study indicates the need for effective adaptive measures for protection of
communities‘ health and well-being.
Keywords: Flooding, Inundation, Infrastructural Development, Dams, Embankment,
Chure Ecological Region
Beauty as a tool of oppression in Morrison’s The Bluest eye and Walker’s The color purple
(2026) Nyaupane, Namdev; Hem Lal Pandey
This dissertation looks at how beauty used to oppress people because of their race and gender in Toni Morrison the Bluest Eye and Alice Walker the Color Purple. It says that beauty in the literature written by American women is not just about how something looks but it is actually a way of thinking that is shaped by European standards and men having power over women. The research uses ideas from different fields, including what Frantz Fanon said about racism and how it affects our minds what Antonio Gramsci said about how some groups of people have more power over others and what bell hooks and Patricia Hill Collins said about feminism and being black. This study is based on reading and comparing the texts. It shows that characters like Pecola Breedlove and Celie think that European beauty standards are the best and this makes them feel bad about themselves be quiet and feel like they are falling apart. Beauty is like a kind of violence that controls the bodies and identities of women by leaving them out treating them like objects and looking at them in a certain way. The study also shows that Toni Morrison and Alice Walker do not agree with the usual ideas about beauty. Instead, they think that beauty is about defining yourself being with your sisters having control over your body and being proud of your culture. In the end this study says that beauty in these novels is connected to politics and oppression. It helps us understand American literature better by showing that beauty is not just about how something looks but it is also, about power, identity and surviving. Beauty is a part of oppression and this study helps us see that.