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कास्की जिल्ला कारागारका बन्दीहरुको सामाजिक प्रक्रिया
(2071) भानुभक्त पौडयाल; शिव बहादुर थापा
प्रस्तुत शोधपत्र त्रिभुवन विश्व विद्यालय, मानविकी तथा समाजशास्त्र सङ्काय अन्तर्गत
समाजशास्त्र मानवशास्त्र विभाग, समाजशास्त्र विषयको स्नातकोत्तर तह द्वितीय वर्षको
आठौँ पत्रको प्रयोजनका लागि तयार गरिएको हो । यो शोधपत्र कारागारको बारेमा अध्ययन
गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययन खास गरी कास्की जिल्ला कारागारका बन्दीहरुको सामाजिक
प्रव्रिmया सम्बन्धी एक अध्ययन शीर्षक छनोट गरी अनुसन्धान प्रक्रिया अगाडि बढाइएको
शोधपत्र मुख्यतयाः तिन उददेश्यमा केन्द्रित गरिएको छ । बन्दीहरुको सामाजिक, आर्थिक
अवस्थाको विश्लेषण, अपराध प्रतिको बन्दीको दृष्टिकोण विश्लेषण गर्ने र अपराध गर्नाको
कारण पत्ता लगाउने छ भने बन्दी जीवन पद्धति र कारागार व्यवस्थापन सम्बन्धी अध्ययन
गरी विश्लेषण गरिएको छ ।
बन्दीहरुको अपराधप्रतिको दृष्टिकोण र समग्र कारागार समाज बुझने उद्देश्यका साथ
गरिएको प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धान मानवीय संवेदनाको कोणबाट हेर्दा अत्यन्त आवश्यक महत्वपूर्ण
र औचित्यपूर्ण छ । अझ हालसम्म सम्बन्धित अध्ययन, अनुसन्धान नभईरहेको अवस्थामा
समय, जनशक्ति र आर्थिक अभावका कारणले सीमित गरिएको प्रस्तुत अध्ययन कास्की
जिल्ला कारागारका जम्मा ५४६ बन्दीहरु मध्ये ४४ बन्दीमा आधारित रहेर यो अनुसन्धान
प्रक्रिया सघन विधिलाई आधार बनाई अगाडि बढाइएको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययन वर्णनात्मक र
अन्वेषणात्मक पद्धतिमा आधारित छ । तथ्याङ्क स्रोत मध्ये प्राथमिक स्रोतलाई बढी जोड
दिइएको छ जसले गर्दा अनुसन्धान बढी यथार्थपरक र वैज्ञानिक रहोस भनी सङ्कलनका
प्राथमिक स्रोतमा लागि प्रश्नावली, अवलोकन र छलफल विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको भने
द्वितीय स्रोतहरुमा प्रकाशित र अप्रकाशित लेख रचना र पुस्तकहरुमा समाविष्ट गरिएको
छ ।
शोधपत्रका जम्मा ६ अध्याय र निम्न निष्कर्षहरु निकालिएको छः
बन्दीहरुको अन्य मुद्दा भन्दा लागुऔषध मुद्दामा पर्ने बढी छन । साथै कैदीको
तुलनामा थुनुवाको सङ्ख्या बढी देखिन्छ ।
बन्दीहरुको युवा अवस्थामा (३५–४४वर्ष) अपराध गर्नेहरु बढी पाइएको छ । भने बृद्ध
अवस्थामा अपराध गर्ने बन्दीहरुको सङ्ख्या कम रहेको पाइएको छ ।
छ
अविवाहितको तुलनामा विवाहितको सङ्ख्या बढीरहेको पाइयो साथै अन्य कारण
भन्दा साथीसङ्गतको कारण अपराध गर्ने बन्दीहरुको सङ्ख्या बढी पाइएको छ ।
आर्थिक अवस्था धेरै कमजोर भए पनि आर्थिक कारणबाट हुने अपराधको सङ्ख्या
भने कम रहेको पाइएको छ ।
कारागारबाट दिइने सुविधाले नपुग्नेहरुमध्ये केही त्यही आयआर्जन गरेर र केही
घरबाट खर्च मगाएर जीवन गुजारा गरेका छन कोही त्यसै निर्वाह गरी दिन
बिताउन बाध्य भएको पाइन्छ । परिवार, इष्टमित्रको नकारात्मक दृष्टिकोणका कारण
केही बन्दीहरु घर परिवारको भेटमा वञ्चित रहेका छन ।
बन्दी र कर्मचारीबिचको सम्बन्ध राम्रो भएको पाइएको छ ।
बन्दीहरुको मुख्य समस्याको रुपमा रहेको कारागारको भौतिक सुधार, खानेपानी,
भवन निर्माण, शौचालय, स्नानगृह आदि रहेका छन ।
बन्दीहरु कारागारबाट छुटेपछि बन्दीले व्यवसाय र वैदेशिक रोजगारका लागि
अपनाएर जीवनयापन गर्ने सङ्कल्प लिइएको पाइएको छ ।
हाम्रो समुदायमा समुदायका सदस्यहरुको बन्दीहरुप्रति हेर्ने दृष्टिकोण र धारणाले
गर्दा समुदायप्रति बढी मात्रामा सशंकित छन् ।
प्रस्तुत विषयमा गरिएको अध्ययनको निष्कर्षलाई निम्नअनुसार संश्ले षण गरिएको
छ । बन्दीहरुको ज्ञान, सिप र क्षमताको स्तर निम्न रहेको, आत्म विश्वास सुधार
रहेको भावी जीवनभरि आशावादी हुन सकेको र गरिब तथा विपन्न बन्दीहरुको
खाना र स्वास्थ्यको समस्या सामान्य अवस्थामा रहेको छ ।
बन्दीहरुमा अपराध गराईप्रति पश्चाताप गर्नु र ती जेल जीवनबाट मुक्त
भइसकेपछि परिवार तथा समाजका निम्ति सकारात्मक भूमिका निर्वाह गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने
विचार र भावनाको विकास भएको पाइयो ।
Flood Hazard in Bardiya, nepal; causes, consequences and effectives mitigation strategies
(2024) Gurung, Hari Bahadur; Ramesh Raj Kunwar
The recurrent flooding in Bardiya, Nepal, poses significant risks to local agriculture, infrastructure, and livelihoods, necessitating comprehensive research into its causes, consequences, and mitigation strategies. This study employs a multi-faceted approach, combining field observations, interviews with local stakeholders, and secondary data analysis to thoroughly investigate the underlying causes of flooding in the region. Key contributing factors identified include intense monsoon rains, river overflow, and inadequate drainage infrastructure. The research highlights that the interplay between hydrological factors, such as
river discharge and sediment transport, and climatic factors, including changing rainfall patterns and glacier melt, significantly exacerbates the flood risk in Bardiya. In critically examining existing flood management practices, the study assesses the effectiveness of infrastructural developments like embankments and irrigation systems, as well as community-based disaster preparedness and response initiatives. The findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced flood forecasting systems that can provide timely warnings, thereby reducing the impacts of floods. Additionally, the research emphasizes the importance of
integrating traditional knowledge with modern technological advancements to develop a more robust and adaptive flood management strategy. The proposed hybrid approach, which leverages both local knowledge and scientific techniques, is shown to have significant potential in mitigating the impacts of floods in the region. The implications of this research are extensive: for government agencies, the study provides a clear directive to revise and strengthen policies and infrastructure related to flood risk management; for local
communities, it encourages greater participation in planning and implementing flood preparedness measures; and for security forces, it recommends enhanced training and better coordination with emergency services to improve response efforts during flood events. Furthermore, the research underscores the necessity for ongoing studies to refine data collection and modeling techniques, which are essential for predicting and managing future flooding scenarios more effectively. The study’s recommendations aim to foster a collaborative and resilient approach to flood risk management, ensuring the safety and
sustainability of Bardiya’s communities. The integration of traditional knowledge with modern science, improved forecasting, and a collaborative approach to disaster preparedness and response form the cornerstone of a strategy to mitigate flood risks in Bardiya effectively.
Keywords: Climate change, inundation, infrastructure, community, early warning system
Human resource development in armed policy force, nepal
(2024) Rayamajhi, Dinesh Bahadur; Ramesh Raj Kunwar
Human Resource Development (HRD) refers to enhance knowledge, skill, attitude and ability, capabilities and effectiveness of personnel within organization. It focuses on some important domain such as recruitment, selection, training programs, welfare, transfer, promotion, capacities building programs, career development, personnel development, organizational development and performance evaluation system of organization. HRD practices play crucial role to uphold professionalism and ensure the APF operational readiness for wellbeing and safeguarding national security. The aim of this study is to find out existing HRD practices in APF, Nepal, constraints and relation of HRD activities in career planning of APF, personnel. Academicians, new researchers, policy makers, human resources department, and other agencies will be advanced with the outcome of this research. researcher selected qualitative research method and conducted from 14 th to 23
rd March, 2024 with involving current and ex- APF, personnel. Researcher collected primary data by
using semi - structure questions, while the key informant interview and focus group discussion methods were employed for data collection as well. APF, Nepal is applying various practices for HRD such as training programs, career development initiatives, promotions, educational supports, welfares, performance appraisal systems, promotion system, recruitment and transfer system which emphasizes for fostering a skilled workforce. The study also incorporates a descriptive and narrative analysis based on the secondary data. The researcher examines a diverse body of literature and data through systematic qualitative
methods, and identified key human resources practices in APF, Nepal, constraints and impact
of human resource activities in career advancement of APF personnel. APF, Nepal is facing some constraints such as insufficient budget, insufficient of infrastructures and training equipment, inadequate modern technology, deficient advance and foreign training system, lack of modern performance appraisal system. Most of the HRD practices affect to the career planning of APF personnel. However, APF, Personnel are transforming professional knowledge, upgrading skills, enhancing capacities and changing attitudes through HRD activities. This study emphasizes efforts to address the well-being of personnel and their family members through welfare programs. Furthermore, this study highlights that APF, Nepal has been practicing several activities with facing various constraints, so APF needs to rise investment on human capital for sound performance on time.
Keywords: Capabilities, career, knowledge, performance, welfare.