Security Issues, Problems And Challenges Of Nepal As A Small State

Abstract

Small states face serious security threats because of assorted reasons. These states are dependent on others for economy and security, which make them more vulnerable than other states. Landlocked between India and China, those are widely considered as the two major rising powers in the international arena, Nepal is viewed by many commentators as a small state situated between two geographically, demographically and economically giant neighbors. Interestingly, notwithstanding its smallness, Nepal is also perceived as a geopolitically important country in the region owing to its geostrategic location. In light of this reality, this dissertation primarily aims to assess the security situation of Nepal as a small state that occupies a strategically important place in the northern South Asian region. The research aims to look into three main issues. Firstly, it aims to elucidate the concept of small state to show that Nepal is a small state; secondly, it delves into exploring the security challenges that Nepal faces as a small state and; finally, the research seeks to offer possible measures to address the challenges, if there are any. With the realization that there exists limited research regarding security threats to Nepal in the changed global and regional security realm, this research attempts to address the same limitation. Methodologically, the research has employed a qualitative research design and adopted descriptive method to compare relevant texts, analyze governmental reports published by Nepali governmental agencies and also used a argumentative framework to make a strong case that Nepal faces unique challenges as a small state situated between India and China. The dissertation highlights how small states like Nepal are compelled to refrain from aggression even at critical times and maintain a fine balance in diplomatic relations with neighbors and other friendly nation to cope with geopolitical challenges and ensure sustainable national and regional peace. The dissertation finds that in Nepal, rather than traditional security threats, non-traditional security threats have started posing greater challenge to national security. It reaches to a conclusion that Nepal must focus on enhancing its position through soft power and diplomacy rather than other measures to continue enjoying its dignified place as a sovereign nation in the international community.