Distribution, Population Status and Conservation Threats of Bucerosbicornis Linnaeus, 1758 in the Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Abstract

Great Hornbill Bucerosbicornis is one of threatened avian species of Nepal and Chitwan National Park is one of the important habitats for this highly restricted-range species. This study was carried in winter (November) and summer (March). The distribution and abundance of the species was carried by surveying 14 transects in five different blocks in Chitwan National Park.Equal number transect were performed in two habitat i.e., Sal (Shorearobusta) and riverine forest. Among the 14 transects, hornbill were observed only in 11 transects. Great Hornbill was recorded mostly in riverine forest than Sal. The distribution pattern of the Great Hornbill was found to be uniform. A total of 30 individuals were observed in summer season whereas 21 in winter season and the flock size ranged from 3-6 individuals. They were recorded feeding mostly on fruiting trees such as in Dysoxylumbinectariferum, Ficusbengalensis and Bombaxceiba. Fruits of Myristicaceae and Lauraceae were the important tree families that were being consumed.The threats to Great Hornbill were analyzed from questionnaire survey and through direct observation.The threats such as habitat loss, hunting and human disturbance were observed as the major threats to the species in the national park. Community based conservation initiation programs should be encouraged by Government and concerned conservation organizations and also further research should be conducted for the abundance and distribution on Great Hornbill.

Key Words: Great Hornbill, Near Threatened, Chitwan, Uniform