Medically Important Vibrios from Different Environmental Water Samples from Eastern Nepal

Abstract

Safe drinking water, as defined by the guidelines, does not represent any significant risk to health over a lifetime of consumption. The most important bacterial diseases transmitted through water are cholera, typhoid fever and bacillary dysentery, focusing on the biology and ecology of the causal agents and on the diseases‟ characteristics and their life cycles in the environment. Diarrhoea, which is caused by poor sanitation, hygiene and water quality, is one of the most prevalent water borne disease in Nepal. This study was performed from June 2016 to November 2016. The aim of research was to evaluate significant of vibrio in environmental water in eastern regions of Nepal (especially around Dharan and Ithari). Altogether 60 water samples were collected and were incubated in alkaline peptone water and cultured in TCBS agar.Identification of the significant isolates was done by standard microbiological techniques and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.The seven different species of vibrios isolated were V. cholerae (22.2%), V. parahaemolyticus (19.5%), V. furnissii (16.7%), V. vulnificus (16.7%), V. fluvialis (13.9%), V.alginolyticus (5.5%) and V. metschnikovii (5.5%). Vibrios isolates were 100% sensitive to Amikacin, Azithromycin, Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol, Doxycyclin, Imipenem, Levofloxacin, Norfloxacin and were varying degrees of resistance to Ampicillin, Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime, Ciprofloxacin, CoTrimoxazole, Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Nalidixicacid, Nitrofurantoin, Ofloxacin and Tetracycline. Among the isolates, Vibrio Cholerae was found to be higher percentage. Therefore, monitoring of V. cholerae in the environmental water samples in the interim period between cholera epidemics is of great significance for early warning of an outbreak, as well as prevention and control of cholera epidemics when they occur.