Involvement of women in rural drinking water supply system in Arba village, Kaski

Abstract

This thesis entitled “Involvement of Women in Rural Drinking Water Supply System” was undertaken based on the study of new rural water supply and sanitation project in Arba village with an objectives of examining the effectiveness of current applicable laws, regulations and policies implemented to facilitate women’s participation in one hand and in the other hand to explore cultural barriers, socio economic limiting issues, challenges and obstacles to women’s participation in community development projects. Both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained through primary and secondary sources applying census method for the surveyed population using interview, focus group discussion and observation as tools and techniques. Explorative and descriptive research designs are used and data is processed by spreadsheet computer program. Even though several decades have passed with establishment of separate ministry for Women, Children and Social Welfare, National Women’s Commission, different provisions made in the Civil Service Administrator Act, and ADB provisions for women’s participation in community development projects, the result is not that satisfactory as expected. Women’s are found just sought to fulfill 33% quota in different committees and women are often excluded. Women’s exclusion often stems from traditional and deeply rooted gender differences where women, compared to men are not given same right and opportunities. The cultural barriers and socio economic obstacles and challenges hinder female participation are still found. However, in the new RWSSP, though need driven project, from preconception to construction, operation and management the women’s participation is found better. This participation is known to have reduced the time consumption, work overload and increased participation of women in social and development activities. Women’s committee formation, inclusion in water users’ committee, involvement in decision making, utilization of leisure time with income generating activities, health and sanitation, economic empowerment are some positive indicators for women’s involvement. Similarly, some more works for capacity improvement, training, education and motivation for skill development are still a need to transform the stage of increased involvement in development projects.