Remote Sensing and GIS Based Assessment of Avalanching Glaciers in the Himalayas Due to Climate Change

Abstract

Hanging glaciers are a significant risk factor for avalanches, which can cause major disasters. Icefalls and avalanches from hanging glaciers pose a continuous threat to the regions beneath them. Therefore, it is imperative to invest in monitoring, analyzing, and modeling these phenomena. This will help to produce reliable forecasts, which can be used to take timely and efficient actions, such as evacuating areas. The analysis and modeling of avalanches can also help to improve our understanding of the underlying processes and influential factors. This can lead to the development of more effective early warning system. One approach to identifying potential avalanche zones is to use the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) within a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform. This method has been proven effective for mapping avalanche-prone areas in rugged mountain landscapes. Another approach is to use a numerical simulation model such as the Rapid Mass Movement Simulation (RAMMS) model. This model can be used to simulate the flow dynamics of sites with potential avalanche activity. Both approaches have demonstrated their efficacy in predicting avalanche hazards in snowy and glacial environments. The goal of this study is to comprehensively address the societal impacts of avalanches, viewing them both as hazards and as disturbances within the environment. Keywords: Avalanche, Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), Hazard, Hanging glacier, Mass