Sustainable Energy Planning of Residential Sector: A Case Study of Bhanu Municipality, Tanahun, Nepal

Abstract

Energy is the key indicator of development. Nepal has set target to graduate to developed country by 2022- and middle-income country by 2030 and to achieve sustainable goal by 2030. In order to achieve all these targets energy plays a key role. This research is mainly based on primary data, 152 households sample survey and supported by secondary data. Energy and emission projection was done in LEAP software based on energy demand driving factors, population growth rate and GDP Growth rate. The analysis was made through different scenarios in LEAP, they are; Business as Usual Scenario (BAU), Low Carbon Emission (LOW) Scenario, Efficient Cooking Scenario (EFC) and Efficient Lighting Scenario (EFL). Analysis shows that the total annual energy consumption of Bhanu Municipality is 635.67TJ in the base year 2020 with per capita energy consumption 12.69 GJ/annum. The main fuel for cooking in the residential sector is firewood, with share of 80% supplied from private, government and community forests that covers 38% of the municipality area. Lighting was done through grid electricity, almost 99% of the households had access to grid. The BAU scenario shows that the household energy demand per capita will be 19.07GJ in 2050 and energy per household will be 104.56 GJ in 2050. In EFC, EFL and LOW per capita energy demand will reach to 15.31 GJ, 19.79 GJ and 4.52 GJ respectively. GHG emissions for all the scenario were analysed in the study. The GHG emission of base year was 2985.60 metric tonnes of CO2 equivalent. The per capita GHGs emission in 2050 will be 109.08 Kg and it will be 34.28 Kg in EFC scenario and it will be reduced to zero in LOW scenario. LOW scenario shows the decrease of GHGs through the policy intervention in which electrification was done in all end use demands.