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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14540/17047

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Analysis of Patient Flow Using Discrete Event Simulation for An Emergency Room: A Case Study of Bhim Hospital Rupandehi, Nepal
(I.O.E, 2024-06) Khanal, Sudin; Maharjan, Sanjeev
The Emergency Room experiences a daily influx of patients, putting significant strain on departmental resources. Concurrently, treatment duration for patients has risen, leading to dissatisfaction and prolonged wait times. Hospital management is exerting maximum effort within existing resources to mitigate these issues, with a primary focus on reducing wait times. To address these challenges, a Discrete Event Simulation is employed to simulate real-world scenarios and identify optimal solutions for reducing length of stay, wait times, and other contributing factors, thus bolstering the foundation for robust decision-making. Bhim Hospital's Emergency Room serves as the case study, assessing wait times, length of stay, and bed utilization. Experimental scenarios are applied to the model, aiding the hospital management team in decision-making processes. Selection and rejection of strategies are based on paired test analyses, comparing real-world hospital data with results generated by the simulation model. Given the feasibility of all scenarios in decreasing length of stay, and bed occupancy rates, the results are recommended to the hospital for implementation. The time to stay for Red zone, Green zone and Yellow zone patients is 6 hours according to hospital data and simulation suggest of 3,4 and 5 hours respectively, this also suggest on decreasing of length of stay in the hospital
Assessing Service Quality of Ride Hailing Bike Service within Kathmandu Valley
(I.O.E, 2024-07) Chaudhary, Ambika; Shrestha, Pradeep K.
Adopting a sustainable transportation approach necessitates a shift towards eco-friendly travel modes, such as ride-hailing bike services like Pathao and Indrive. These services which have introduced a potentially transformative change to Nepal's transportation landscape are prominent in Kathmandu valley, as evidenced by their daily ridership and public recognition. Being a relatively new concept, assessing its service quality is crucial for its continued viability. Evaluating perceived service quality involves a complex decision making process that considers various observed and unobserved factors. This study evaluates the service quality of Pathao and Indrive bike services using structure equation modeling to identify unobserved influencing factors. Six latent factors were identified through factor analysis. An empirical model was developed to understand the interactions among key variables affecting service quality. SPSS 22 and SPSS Amos 21 were used for model development. The study found that user safety is the most significant latent variable influencing service quality followed by service features and application efficiency. The heterogeneity among users regarding different service quality attributes were also analyzed. This study will provide valuable insights to improve these services, enhancing their effectiveness and usability and provide clarity to inform suitable policy decisions.
Design Simulation and Experimental Verification of Optimized Savonius Wind Turbine Profile
(I.O.E, 2024-06) Paudel, Anuj; Shrestha, Rajendra
Nepal possesses significant hydropower potential but has not fully harnessed this resource, leading to limited power production capacity. To bridge the gap between energy demand and generation, Nepal can leverage wind energy, which can produce up to 3000 MW, with 448 MW readily and commercially exploitable. Historically, Nepal has focused on horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs), with minimal exploration of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). VAWTs offer several advantages over HAWTs, such as lower mounting height, omni-directional capability, and efficiency at low wind speeds. The Savonius wind turbine was selected for its simple design and effective performance in low wind speeds and turbulent airflow. The report details the design process, including material selection, dimensions, and assembly process, with the use of SOLIDWORKS 17. A model was simulated, fabricated, and tested to obtain experimental data. The maximum rotational speed, torque and angular velocity generated were experimentally determined to be 266 rpm, 0.305 Nm and 27.841 ω, respectively, at wind velocities of 6.3 m/s.
“Future Energy Mix of Nepalese grid and its effect on Power System”
(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2023-06) Lamichhane, Bharat
Energy mix refers to the combination of different sources in to the grid to increase the power system reliability. In Nepal most of electricity is from hydro power plant. There are other alternative sources of energy to produce an electricity but hydro is much more available resources to produce electricity. There are different types of schemes of hydro power plants which can be operated to meet base load, intermittent load and peak load. In current situation, there is some deficit of energy. So country is importing energy from India via different points. The generation pattern of hydro power plant is highly dependent in natural phenomenon of rain and hence the flow of water in river. In wet season the generation from run off river hydro power plants is high but in dry season the generation is low. Due to this there is large unbalance may arise in the system. The energy surplus deficit analysis will give an overview of future energy situation in advance which will be very helpful for energy planner to take necessary decision. Energy surplus analysis for fiscal year 2087/088 and for fiscal year 2092/093 under three scenario viz: under 4.5 % with only half of all generation license issued RoR/ PRoR projects in operation within fiscal year 2087/088 and half of generation license applied projects(RoR/PRoR) comes in operation till fiscal year 2092/093 (Scenario 1); under 4.5 % Economic growth rate with all generation license issued projects in operation within fiscal year 2087/088 and all generation license issued and generation license applied projects comes in operation till fiscal year 2092/093 (scenario 2) and under 7.2 % Economic growth with all generation license issued projects in operation within fiscal year 2087/088 and all generation license issued and generation license applied projects comes in operation till fiscal year 2092/093.
Modal Analysis of Multi-Disk Rotor System
(I.O.E, 2024-06) Pradhan, Sunil; Luitel, Mahesh Chandra
Controlling Vibration Is essential for the safe and efficient operation of rotating machinery in industries such as aerospace, automotive and power generation. This study focuses on the model behavior of multi-disk rotor system, a critical area in mechanical engineering.
Performance Analysis of Solar PV System installed in Chitwan Medical College
(I.O.E, 2024-06) TIMILSINA, NISHAN; Bhattarai, Nawaraj
In various places of the world grid-connected and off-grid rooftop solar PV systems have been installed, either to export energy to the grid or to reduce electricity bills in an industry, hospitals, etc. A 201.96 kWp solar PV plant with 7, identical 25 KW offgrid inverters was installed in the Chitwan Medical College, Chitwan. The plan of the study was to carry out the performance analysis of installed multi-crystalline solar panels for a period of one year and to evaluate the results with the results simulated in the PVsyst. The generation data has been extracted using the Wattmon Cloud Portal. The main aim of this work was to evaluate and determine various performance characteristics of an already-existent solar system that has been installed at Chitwan Medical College, Chitwan. It was found that annual energy generation of 236.99 MWh, Performance ratio was 79.80 %, Capacity Utilization Factor 13.58%, and specific Yield was 1173.24 kWh per kWp per Year. The difference between the actual and simulated generation (54.30 MWh) suggests there may be factors impacting the system's performance. These could include equipment inefficiencies, shading, maintenance issues, or inaccuracies in the simulation model used.
Prediction of Optimum Bitumen Content in Asphalt Mix Design Using Artificial Neural Network
(I.O.E, 2024-07) Giri, Moti Ram; Tamrakar, Gautam Bir Singh
The Marshall design process, commonly employed for estimating Optimum Bitumen Con-tent (OBC), is known for its designation as the asphalt mix design and quality control of asphalt concrete is often constrained by the conventional Marshall Mix Design methodol-ogy. Which is characterized by its time-intensive nature, labor requirements, and suscepti-bility to result variations. This study explores different predictive modeling techniques to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of determining Optimum Binder Content (OBC), Me-chanical and Volumetric properties of hot mix asphalt. The study examines Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) models to predict mechanical (MST, MFV) and volumetric prop-erties (AV, BSG, VFA, VMA) using variables such as aggregate gradation, specific grav-ity, and proportions of fine and coarse aggregates in the mix. A comprehensive dataset of 148 Marshall mix design forms was collected, and 141 valid sets were used after outlier analysis. Descriptive statistics revealed skewness, and compliance checks against SSRBW 2016 standards highlighted areas of concern in Marshall quotient and Filler-Binder Ratio. Centrality analysis showed significant deviations between mid-point gradation and sample mean for specific gradations.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Road Traffic Crash Hotspots in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
(I.O.E, 2024-07) K.C., Anuradha; Pradhananga, Rojee
Kathmandu Valley is one of the rapidly urbanizing cities in Nepal, which registers the highest incidence of road traffic crashes compared to other regions in the country. Identifying the dangerous road sections where the crashes happen frequently (or simply hotspots) is a critical initial move towards devising effective strategies for reducing the future severe incidences in the Valley. On this account, this thesis aimed to pinpoint the hotspots in the Valley by examining the spatial and temporal patterns of reported traffic crashes. The study also took an additional step by investigating relationship of hotspot occurrences with two spatial factors; population density and land use. The study utilized three years of crash data (2019-2021) collected from Traffic Police Office, and road network polylines obtained from Survey Department. Of the total data, 23,278 (79.55%) crashes and 912.54 km of road network were analyzed. The temporal distribution reveals a notable increasing trend of crashes and their severity. The incidence of fatalities and severe injuries reaches its highest level during the month from October to April. The highest frequency of crashes is recorded during the weekday morning rush hours, from 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM, in the afternoon time, from 12.00 PM to 4:00 PM and in the evening around sunset, from 4:00 PM to 8:00 PM, but severer incidences are reported during night hours and during weekends
Tracing Synchronous Generator's Capability Curve for Better Visualization of Its Operating Condition
(I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2022-09) Gyawali, Bimal
The operation of both new and existing synchronous machine power plants must take into account entirely new requirements as a result of the quicker shift to renewable energy sources. Capability diagrams are essential for assessing synchronous machines' efficiency and operating ranFtge under various loading conditions. Also, change of machine parameters due to magnetic saturation may cause the originally provided capability curve insufficient to obtain an accurate operating region. The study presented in this thesis work fulfils the need for actual visualization of capability diagrams using the MATLAB software environment for both cylindrical and non-cylindrical rotor type synchronous machines. Initially, the capability curve of machines is plotted considering the limiting conditions and after that the simulation and study of variation on the PQ loading after occurrence of possible disturbance scenarios on the power system network is carried out in PSAT (Power System Analysis Toolbox) software. The Generator capability curve is developed in MATLAB software environment for both cylindrical and non-cylindrical rotor type machines and from the data obtained after time domain simulation in PSAT applied on an IEEE 9 and 14 bus power system the operating scheme of one round rotor generating unit of each test system is discovered in developed diagram.

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