Microbiology

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14540/132

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Browsing Microbiology by Advisor "Dr. Sarita Manandhar"

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    Virulence genes in staphylococci isolated from paper currency and nasal cavity of bus conductor
    (2024-06) manandhar, Sagarika; Dr. Sarita Manandhar
    Because of their resistance to a variety of medications, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci (MRS) poses a serious threat to public health. These organisms also harbor various virulent factors that make them significant concerns in public health. They survive on various environmental surfaces including paper currencies. The purpose of this research was to assess the possible presence of MRS on bus conductor’s nasal swabs and the paper money they carried. A total of 100 samples (50 nasal swab and 50 paper currency) were collected in peptone water and saline water respectively. The samples were processed in Microbiological laboratory of Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Ghantaghar and Institute for Research in Science and Technology, Thamel from July 2023 - December 2023. The samples were exposed to standard bacteriological techniques for the purpose of isolation and identification of S. aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS). Cefoxitin disc was used to confirm MRS. Modified Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion technique, an antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out and, tsst, sea and pvl gene were amplified by conventional PCR- Polymerase Chain Reaction. Of 50 nasal swab samples, 25 (50%) were identified as CNS and 8 (16%) as S. aureus. Among them, 14 (56%) and 4 (50%) were identified as MR- CNS and MRSA respectively. Similarly, from 50 paper currency, 11(22%) as CNS and 21 (42%) were identified as S. aureus. All CNS were methicillin resistant while only 7 (33.3%) were MRSA. Higher prevalence of MRSA and MRCNS were identified from age group 15-30. All MRSA and MRCNS were resistant to penicillin but sensitive to amikacin, meropenem and chloramphenicol. All MRSA and 9 (81,1%) MRCNS from nasal swab and all MRCNS and 4 (57.1%) MRSA from paper currency were MDR. None of the isolate harbor pvl gene whereas 52.2% MRS isolate carried tsst gene and 50% MRS isolate carried sea gene. High occurrence of MDR staphylococci & virulence gene containing MRS in community shows the need of regular surveillance & implementation of awareness programmed that help to reduce its hazards.