Browsing by Author "Adhikari, Suman"

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    Evils of industrialization in Kamala Markandaya’s Nectar in a Sieve
    (Department of English, 2008) Adhikari, Suman
    Kamala Markandaya is an evolutionary and a great preceptor of the environment surrounding her as she thinks ahead to environmental and societal problems that industrialization has brought. Kamala Markandaya in her novel Nectar in a Sieve demonstrates the evils of industrialization by projecting it as the root base of degradation of humanity and interruptions on natural environment. Moreover it fetched unemployment, suffering, miseries, exploitation, scarcity of basic needs and uncertainties in the lives of rural Indian people; symbolically she presents the suffering of Rukmani, the main character of the novel. The construction of the tannery snatched the habitat and livelihood of the poor tenant family and caused the scattering, alienation, scarcity of basic needs and suffering of the family members; Rukmani's daughter was compelled to adapt prostitution; her sons dispersed and disappeared in cities shattering the familial love and leaving the old couple and finally Rukmani helpless and lonely.
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    Short Term Load Forecasting using Artificial Neural Network and Time Series Methods: A Case Study of Bishnumati Feeder in Balaju Substation, Nepal
    (Pulchowk Campus, 2020-07) Adhikari, Suman
    Electrical load forecasting takes a crucial role in planning, controlling and operation of electric power system. The accuracy of actual and forecasted load be very essential for economically effective control and efficient operation. Short term electric load forecasting takes an importance role in power system operation and planning of Utilities Company. Short term load forecasting (STLF) be always one of most critical, sensitive and accuracy demanding factors of the power systems. An accurate short term load forecasting improves not only the systems economic viability but also its safety, stability and reliability. The researcher presented in this works support Artificial Network and Time Series Methods techniques in forecasting of short term load. This analysis represents a load forecast using hourly, daily and weekly load of Bishnumati Feeder of Balaju Substation, by using artificial neural network & time series methods. Load forecasting be very important and crucial for efficient and necessary operation for electric power system. This can be taken by obtaining the most effective forecast which help in minimizing the risk in decision making and changes the prices of operation of the electric power system. Then the comparison of artificial neural network and time series method for short term load forecasting that can be used out in this thesis using actual time electric power in this feeder. Moving average, exponential smoothing are analyzed in excel and ANN are analyzed in MATLAB software toolbox. The analysis to be done for the hour-to-hour operation to day to day of the soon be completed of the Bishnumati feeder. The ANN and time series methods, different analyzing models were used for forecasting. For validation of this model it can be used to forecast of an 11kV Bishnumati Feeder of Nepal for November 10, 2018 and the output is compared to Conveaant University of Nigeria such as Multilayer feed forward Model. The proposed model of ANN for Bishnumati Feeder gives weeekly MAPE of 3.67% which is lower than the MAPE value obtained by the ANN models in Conveant Univesity of 8.37%, but it is within the limit of acceptance. Again, the value of %MAPE for moving average and exponential smoothing be 9% & 6.22% in Bishnumati Feeder which is lower than the MAPE value obtained by the models of Conveant University of 10.3% & 8.31%% but it is within the limit of acceptance.
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    Tharu Women's Participation in The Management Ofcommunity Forest: (A Case Study of Kumroj Community Forest UsersGroup of KumrojVDC, Chitwan District)
    (central Department of Sociology/Anthropology, 2014) Adhikari, Suman
    Community forestry was introduced in Nepal in 1978. The community forestryapproach has been highly successful in the protection of forests in the Terai of Nepal.Women are playing an important role in sustainable development of communityforests. However, their role is neither properly identified nor explored. So, the studyfocuses to the Tharu women's participation in community forest management ofKumroj Community Forest User's Group. To explore the target issues, some general and specific objectives are made. Thegeneral objective of the study is to find the women's participation in community forestuser group's activities whereas the specific objectives of the study are:  To find out the level of Tharu women's participation in Community Forest(CF) activities through CFUG's activities.  To determine Tharu women’s participation in decision making process ofCFUG. KCFUG of Chitwan district is selected for the present study. The reason for theselection of the site is convenient for the researcher, which is held on the basis ofexploratory and descriptive research method. The study is based on primary andsecondary data and the nature of data is qualitative. Among the total households, only138 households are chosen by caste or ethnicity for the study. Female respondentswere selected for interview and male as well as female were selected according to theconvenience for household survey. Key informants and focus group discussion alsoused to collect information. According to the field survey, Female literacy rate is 57.89percent and only 36.96percent household heads are female. In forest resource collection, femalesinvolvement in firewood collection is 56.25 percent, in grass cutting is 44.20 percentand low participation in timber cutting and collection because hired workers also hasbeen used. Participation in grass and firewoodcollection of female is higher than therest. Participation of women in general meeting of KCFUG is only 26.81 percent andparticipation of males are 73.19percent. Participation of female in attending meeting was like audience is high. Taking part actively in general meeting, sharing indecision-making and discussion is very low. According to the government policyminimum 1/3 of the committee members must be female but in KCFUG committeethere are just 2 female members among 15 members of the total committee and onlyone Tharu women in the Kumroj Community Forest Committee (annex-IV). According to the field study, there are so many obstacles for women to participatecommunity forest activities, such as; traditional male dominated culture, householdwork load, lack of knowledge about community forestry, poor economic condition,lack of permission to attend meeting, lack of empowerment, feeling of womenneedless to participate in public concern, less chance to view for women in everysector of development activities, illiteracy etc.