Browsing by Author "Bhandari, Rupa"
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Item Response to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Paula Hawkin’s The Girl on the Train(Department of English, 2020) Bhandari, RupaThe research project aims to illustrate the response to post-traumatic stress disorder in Paula Hawkin’s The Girlon the Train. This project explore show Megan and Rachel’s memory of past experiences haunt them in their daily life and show how it makes their life terrible and complicated to survive.It further explores how they deal with trauma to heal themselves.They suffer from different symptoms of post- traumatic stress disorder such as:intrusive imagery, avoiding stimuli and increased arousal.While doing it, there searcher has incorporated the theoretical insights of trauma, particularly from the book Counseling for Post Traumatic Disorder by Michael J. Scott and Stephen G. Strading. And, this paper also frames out the notion of‘working through’ by DominickLa Capra from his book;Writing History, Writing Trauma.The research concludes with the findings that the people have some past memories which are unforgettable, that directly or indirectly affect present life. Instead of lamenting on past memory people should take those traumatic experiences as a platform to refresh themselves.Thus in the text,Rachel and Megan take different strategies to cope with trauma to live with happy and healthy life;Megan became nanny, walk on street, visit therapist where Rachel helps in the process of investigation of Megan’s disappearance and goes through fantasy to forgether past memories. Keywords: Post traumatic stress disorder, past memory, working through, articulationItem Status of Community Sanitation in Dhabauli VDC Dhanusa(Department of Rural Development, 2016) Bhandari, RupaThe study area selected comprises of poor households, mostly farmers from Madhesi communities and have a very low awareness on hygiene and sanitation. The population especially, women and children have a very severe lack of access to education. They are not aware on the importance of sanitation and usage of toilets. They are preferring open farm lands for defecation.The education level is also not that high. Due to the lack of proper sewerage, the environment has gone more polluted thereby raising risks of drinking water contamination and health hazards in impoverished children and women. The study aimed at identifying the present status of sanitation in the study area and to assess the sanitation scenario in different socio-economic groups and education level. This study tries to explore the status of community sanitation in Dhabauli VDC of Dhanusa district in Terai of Nepal. A descriptive research design was proposed for the study incorporating primary and secondary data collection from the targeted VDCs and statistical analysis to analyze the data. Sampling method is basis on 100 respondents of cluster were randomly selected from 600 households as 17% of total households of Dhabauli VDC including toilet-users, non-users etc. The demographic and socio-economic status of the respondents showed 57% of the respondents were females, 88% were literate and educated, 51% within 15-20 age group. 79% were Madhesis and 18% were Dalits. Unsafe sanitation leads to higher rates of infant mortality and infections, contributes to malnutrition and generally a weaker human condition. A lack of sanitation limits economic growth. Without good sanitation, workers are less healthy and therefore less productive, living shorter lives and saving and investing less. Due to the backward nature of the similar communities across the rural Terai region, this study can be a good indication for other communities within the region and provides valuable insights into a rural context of Nepal where access is not a big issue but still health and sanitation remains a myth.