Browsing by Author "Shiwakoty, Khyam Prasad"
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Item Participation of Disadvantaged Groups in Rural Development (A Case Study of the Satar Community in Surunga VDC, Jhapa)(Department of Rural Development, 2006) Shiwakoty, Khyam PrasadPresent study was carried out in order to deal with the participation of a disadvantaged ethnic group in development with reference to the Satar community of Surunga VDC, Jhapa. The specific objectives of the study were stated as: to study the participation of the Satar Community in local organizations i.e. NGOs, CBOs, VDC and ward committee, to evaluate their participation in decision-making process, to assess the accessibility of the Satar Community to the services and facilities provided by the HMG, NGOs and other formal and informal organizations and to identify the major obstacles in participation of development work. The study was based on primary data collected from the field survey. The household heads and elected members from the Satar Community were the real respondents of this study. Simple random sampling was adopted for the selection of the households. Household questionnaire was the main tool of the data collection. Key informants’ interview, focus group discussion and published and unpublished documents were also used in this study. The study indicates that the participation of the Satars status in local institutions like NGOs/INGOs and development process is not satisfactory. Their representation in the community based organizations is nominal. The Satars are hard workers and they have no significant role in decision making process. They are socially and economically backward. They should be mainstreamed in socio-political affairs of the nation. Based on the findings of the study, the following major recommendations are made: 1. Educational status of the disadvantaged group (Satar community) should be improved through targeted programmes like informal education. 2. Implementation of VDC level programmes by the representatives of disadvantaged groups can develop their confidence in decision making process. 3. Social inclusion programs will be more helpful in changing the attitudes of the disadvantaged groups. 4. Political culture should positively be discriminated for the disadvantaged groups 5. Easy access to citizenship will encourage them in every activity of the society as well as nation.Item A socio-economic and cultural study of Satar community of Nepal (A case study of Surunga VDC, Jhapa)(Department of Rural Development, 2006) Shiwakoty, Khyam PrasadSatars are minority ethnic group among the various ethnic groups in Nepal. They contributed to Nepalese society being a member of Nepalese people. The present study focuses on socio-economic condition of Satars in Surunga VDC of Jhapa district. Their rituals and language are totally different near by other groups. The main objectives of this study was "to find out the socio-economic and cultural condition of Satar Community and their causes of backwardness". The study covers only Surunga VDC of Jhapa district. This study was based on primary data collected from the field. Secondary sources of data were also used. The Surunga VDC was the universe and selected household head and key informants were the respondents of this study. Simple random sampling was adopted for selecting households. For the primary data collection structured questionnaire, informal interviews from key informants, observation method and focus group discussion were applied. The study is descriptive and analytical in nature in which descriptive statics is applied for data analysis and is presented in table, bar diagram and charts. It is also presented in percent. The analysis of data is done manually. Sixty households of the universe of Satar community were sampled for the study. The Satar community lives in the entire length of Terai, mainly in Jhapa, Morang and Sunsari district of eastern Nepal. They are educationally very back. The average literacy rate of the Satar is 29.7 percent (CBS: 2001). The study shows that 80 percent of the sampled population is illiterate and 20 percent of the population is literate which indicates lack of educational awareness in Satars. Mostly they are landless people, 66.66 percent of the Satar people are landless and non of them have more than 30 Kattha of land. They depend upon wage labour in farm for their livelihood. Their annual income is very low. They cannot fulfill their demand of their daily life. Their total annual expenditure is greater than their annual income and they are indebted in loan. Their main occupation is agriculture especially animal husbandry. 79.33 percent of people are settled in "Jhupadi" (Hut). The people who are living in huts are absolutely poor. 85 percent of the people have taken loan from money lenders with arbitrary interest rate. They are obligated to take loan from moneylenders because most of them do not have citizenship of Nepal. Nuclear family structure are higher than others and new generation are also practicizing Nuclear family. The present study shows, 83.33 percent of people are Hindus and 16.66 percent of people are Christian. At past, they all were Hindu. Due to the lack of technological knowledge and education, they cannot adopt modern means of facilities which are adopted by other communities landlessness, illiteracy is combination with the lack of technological innovation which brings Satars into the condition of backwardness. Backwardness is both the ends and means of poverty because it creates poverty.