Microbiology

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14540/132

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Browsing Microbiology by TU Institute "Central Department of English"

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    Nalidixic Acid Resistant Salmonella with Decreased Ciprofloxacin Susceptibility
    (Department of English, 2007) Kunwor, Rup Bahadur
    A total of 534 patients suspected of enteric fever were studied in Kathmandu ModelHospital from May 2006 to August 2006. Among them 19.28percentpatientswereculture positive. Theprevalence of culture positive was highest among the age groupof 0-10 years (31.42%) and the result was statistically significant (p > 0.05). Among103 culture positive cases, the incidence rate was more in female (23.15) than male(17.15%) and it was statistically insignificant (p<0.05). The culture positive rate wasfound maximum from out patients (19.76%) than inpatients (12.12%). Among 103 isolates, 67(65.04%) were Salmonella typhi and 36(34.95%) wereSalmonella paratyphi A. The most sensitive drugs for Salmonella typhi were found to be Amoxycillin,Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol and CotrimoxazoleandleastsensitivebeingOfloxacin.The same pattern ofsusceptibility was shown bySalmonella paratyphi A. Among 73 Nalidixic acid resistant isolates 45(61.64%) wereSalmonella typhiand28(38.35%) were Salmonella paratyphi A. In contrast, among 30 Nalidixic andsusceptible isolates 22(73.33%) were Salmonella typhi and 8(26.66%) wereSalmonella paratyphi A. In thisstudy, none of the nalidixic acid resistance isolates were found Ciprofloxacinresistance, but all Nalidixic acid susceptible isolates were also susceptible toCiprofloxacin. Among 72 bacterial isolates with increased susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin (0.125g/ml), 67 isolates showed Nalidixic acid resistance in disc diffusion method. Andamong 31 isolates with MIC value < 0.125g/ml (Ciprofloxacin) 25 isolates were Nalidixic acid susceptible in disc diffusion method.The sensitivity and specificity of Nalidixic acid resistance test by disc diffusion method to screen for isolates having MICs of Ciprofloxacin0.125g/ml were91.98% and 83.33% respectively.
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    Pattern of Bacterial Flora in Various out Patient Departments of TUTH
    (Department of English, 2006) Manandhar, Rachana
    A cross sectional study wasconducted during April to July 2005 with the aim to access thepattern of bacterial flora prevailing in air and various inanimate samples of 10 out patientdepartments of TUTH. Culture, microscopy and antibiotic susceptibility testing ofpotentially pathogenic isolates were done. Altogether281 samples collected from new andused bed sheets, health care personnel’s apron, air and equipments used for treatment ofpatients. In 56 samples of new bed sheetsand 64 samples of used bed sheets, the most predominantorganisms were Coagulase negative Staphylococci (94.6%) andStaphylococcus aureus(96.8%) respectively. Out of 76 apron samples collected from health care personnel, themost predominant organism was CoNS(98.6%). Among 10 air samples collected by gravity settling method for 5 minutes,air was found toharbor predominantly Gram positive microorganisms (CoNS, S. aureus, Bacillus spp.,Micrococci) in comparison to relatively fewer Gram negative microorganisms. In 23 samples collected from Dental department, CoNS was the most predominantorganism. Similarly, in 15 sterilized samples collected from endoscopy department, CoNSand non haemolyticBacillusspp.were present in 4 samples each,S. aureus in 3 samples,haemolytic Bacillus spp. and Acinetobacter spp. in 1 sample each. Likewise, in 12sterilized samples collected from ENT department, CoNS was present in 6 samples, S.aureuswas present in 5 samples. HaemolyticBacillusspp., non haemolyticBacillusspp.andMicrococcusspp.in 3 samples each. AndPseudomonasspp.was present in 2 samples.In 17 samples collected from general surgery department, the predominant organisms wereS. aureusand CoNS. Similarly, among the 9 sterilized speculum samples collected fromgynaecology department, CoNS was present in 7 samples and S. aureuswas present in 2samples.Similarly haemolytic and non-haemolyticBacillusspp.in 4 samples each. Antibiotic susceptibility tests of 207 S. aureus isolates showed that Cephalexin was themost effective drug and least effective was Ampicillin Similarly, for 45 isolates ofAcinetobacter spp., Gentamicin was found to be the most effective drug and the leasteffective was Ciprofloxacin. Since infectionstransmitted in outpatient settings are not systematically monitored like ininpatient departments, this study supports that outpatient facilities should be considered asthe part of the inpatient facilities of the hospital so far as infection control activities areconcerned. Thus thestudy provides a good basis for further detailedstudies of this kind ona regular basis as a part of hospital acquired infection control program.