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Item Analysis, modeling and evaluation of service provider legacy network migration to software-defined IPv6 network(Institute of Engineering, Electronics and Computer Engineering, 2021) Dawadi, Babu RamAvailable with full textItem Assessment of the land use/cover and climate change impacts in the urbanized river basin, The case of Bagmati river basin, Nepal(Institute of Engineering, Civil Engineering, 2020) Lamichhane, SurajAvailable with full textItem Augmenting sustainability of ecovillages- A review of concepts and practices of ecovillage in local and regional contexts(Institute of Engineering, Architecture, 2020) Singh, BijayDifferent interpretations of sustainability result in the sustainability gap between action implementation and policy-making. Among many local-level initiatives, the ecovillage concerns human actions and forwards sustainability. The research seeks a better understanding of the ecovillage's sustainability to mitigate the sustainability gap. The research was three-folded. The first part presented literature review of the ecovillage and developed three themes- resource management, community organisation and knowledge sharing, based on the collaboration between EVs and mainstream society. The second part presented Social System Theory as a supplement to the qualitative research process and reflect on the ecovillage's sustainability concerning its relationship with mainstream society. The third part comprises multiple case studies: Schloss Tempelhof, Hurdal Ecovillage, Bandipur Bazar and Jhong. They were analysed by reflecting on the narratives, EV themes, cultural value, and regional cooperation. The comparative analysis of cases illustrated different forms of sustainability in EV themes. Despite the collaboration with mainstream society, each case presented a unique process of collaboration. In Schloss Tempelhof and Jhong, actions were translated as parts of policies. In Hurdal EV, actions were transformed as per policies. In Bandipur Bazar, actions were transited into policies. They illustrated the difference in collaboration with mainstream society according to their ability to maintain local values and extents of their regional cooperation. The research concludes that actions serve two purposes- problem-solving and maintaining the societal values, and a criterion for the mitigation of the sustainability gap. Ecovillages remain intact through values and store the knowledge of means-selection in social norms, transferable across space and time. Furthermore, the mitigation of the sustainability gap requires understanding actions as the link between values and policies, and their interpretations through concrete entities. The research also interpretes the planning process as a causality of a selection of means, and goal settings based on local values and mainstream policies. Finally, from the practitioner's perspective, the research reveals some unexplored aspects of EV's sustainability.Item Behavior Assessment of Locally Manufractured Couplers(Department of Civil Engineering, 2010) Rajak, SurajManufacturing, fabrication, and transportation limitations make it impossible to provide full length continuous bars in some reinforced concrete structures. In general, reinforcing bars are stocked by lengths of 12-18m. For that reason, and because it is often more convenient to work with shorter bar lengths, it is frequently necessary to splice bars in the field. Proper splicing of reinforcing bars is crucial to the integrity of reinforced concrete. ACI Code states: “splices of reinforcement shall be made only as required or permitted on the design drawings, in the specifications, or as authorized by the engineer.” Great responsibility for design, specification, and performance of splices rests with the engineer who is familiar with the structural analysis and design stresses, probable construction conditions and final conditions of service can properly evaluate the variables to select the most efficient and economical splice method. Lap splicing, which requires the overlapping of two parallel bars, has long been accepted as an effective, economical splicing method. In projects with smaller bar sizes such as ø20mm or smaller, lap splices have performed well over the long run. Continuing research, more demanding designs in concrete, new materials and the development of hybrid concrete/steel design have forced designers to consider alternatives to lap splices such as welded splices or mechanical connectors. However the welded splices are found to be more expensive, time consuming and need more workmanship. So in this study, mechanical connector is explored as an alternative to the traditional splicing methods.Item Effectiveness of Overhead Tankas Tuned Liquid Damper(Department of Civil Engineering, 2007) Rajbhandari, PrejuTuned liquid damper has been very effective form of structural control device. Itsworking principle is same as tuned mass damper .The only difference is that the massis replaced by liquid specially water. It dissipates vibration energy through sloshing.For high rise building the tuned mass damper and tuned liquid damper are veryeffective energy dissipating device. Overhead water tank of a considerable capacity is needed for services of a publicbuilding. It is envisaged that such a large overhead tank if located and designedproperly could act as an effective damping device. With this view present study iscarried out to study the effectiveness of tuned liquid damper in a typical five storiedpublic building prevalent in Nepal. By tuning the sloshing frequency with thefundamental frequency of the building, the configuration of tuned liquid damper hasbeen determined. The tuned liquid damper has been modeled by using spring massmodel. Response spectrum IS1893:2000 has been used for dynamic analysis. Thebuilding with empty overhead tank is analyzed to get the displacement of building.The building with tuned liquid damper is again analyzed and the displacementwithouttuned liquid damper and with tuned liquid damper is compared. From the study it isconcluded that for a configuration of tuned liquid damper the reduction indisplacement of the building decreases as the mass ratio and depth ratio increases.Whenthe reduction in displacement is compared between two configurations of tunedliquid damper for same depth ratio, the larger sized tuned liquid damper is found to bemore effective.Item Energy efficiency in urban landuse and transport planning for home-based daily trips, A case study of Kathmandu Valley(Institute of Engineering, Architecture, 2020) Bajracharya, Ashim RatnaEscalating transport energy demand is one of the major issues for the Kathmandu Valley, with a rapid increase in mobilization and urban sprawl. The Kathmandu Valley is the center for economic activities and educational opportunities where the daily trips that constitute work trips and educational trips have a dominant share. In this context, this research is aimed to study travel behavior, urban landuse and transport system in relation to transport energy demand for home-based daily trips, in the context of the Kathmandu Valley. Trip data of workers and students were collected from the household survey, carried out in different parts of the study area, using random sampling. Daily trips have a significant share in travel demand with about 2.1 million trips per day with modal share of private vehicles showing higher, as compared to other modes. Mode choice and trip length were studied in relation to the socio-economic and demographic background and it was found that the role of gender, age and income and household vehicle ownership were found to be influential to the travel behavior, more importantly for work trips. Travel behavior was studied in relation to urban form for the travel energy assessment. Work trips are observed to vary more spatially, than educational trips. The correlation analyses of work trips show that population density and public transport accessibility, are having little impact on travel energy, whereas increasing distance from the central business district is found to have a significant rise in travel energy. Four-Step Urban Transport Model, was developed to study the travel pattern in macro scale and for carrying out scenario analysis. The currently daily trips consume 3666 TJ annually. Cars and motorcycles contribute to most of consumption, accounting for over 80% of total transport energy. Current willingness to shift to Public Transport like Bus Rapid Transit System, leads to the reduction in transport energy up to 44% for trips along the zones with access to the service. With the balance between Trip Production and Attraction, whereby Employment and Educational Services are provided in accordance to travel demand of work and education trips, respectively, the reduction is achieved by 6%. The reduction is further increased significantly by shift from motorized private more to nonmotorized modes of transport. The research exemplifies the benefits of using travel behavior analysis and transport modelling for studying daily trips in macro scale, to promote energy efficiency in landuse and transport planning, in context of the Kathmandu Valley.Item Out of Plane Seismic Response of In fillbrick Masonry Wall(Department of Civil Engineering, 2007) Pantha, Krishna RajSignificance of RC bandsin preventing failure of infill wall especially in out of planedirection was investigated. Also the change on magnitude of various stresscomponents on bounding RC frames due to presence of RC bands was examined.Two types of models viz. the infill walls with and without RC bandswere preparedand studied numerically to get comparative results.Micro modeling i.e. eight noddedsolid element for bricks,non-linear link elements for mortarand solid elements withsufficient subdivisions for bounding RC framewas carried out for onefocused infillpanel and macro modeling i.e. equivalent diagonal strut modeling for infill walls andsingle solid element for bounding RC frames was carried out for the infill wallsexcept the focusedinfillpanel.Non linear direct integration time history analysis wascarried out for the both types of models.Only the output results of focused infill panelwas studied for both types of models. It was found that the presence of RC bands reduces the tendency of failure of infillwall especially in out ofplane direction.It was concluded by studying the stresses onbricks, displacement of bricks and stresses on mortar. The probable crack propagationwas plotted after studying the stresses on mortar determined from forces on linkelements. Sufficient crackswere seen on wall withoutRCbands and fewer crackswere seen on walls withRCbands.Themagnitude ofmaximum stresses on boundingframes i.e. beamsand columnswere found more in model without RC bands than inmodel with RC bands. But in model withRCbands, the stresses on the column atband column junction were significantly large in comparisonwith thestresses on thecolumn at same location in model without RC bands.Hence except the stresses onband column junction overall responses for the model with RC bandswere less inmagnitude in comparison to the model without RC bands and therefore the provisionof RC bands on infill wall was found beneficial if due care is given at band columnjunction.Item Polyword net: A word sense disambiguation specific word net of polysemy words(Institute of Engineering, Electronics and Computer Engineering, 2021) Dhungana, Udaya RajThis dissertation presents a new lexical resource which is named as 'PolyWordNet'. The PolyWordNet mimics the way how the senses of polysemy words and their corresponding related words are organized in a human mind. A related word of a sense of a polysemy word in a given context is a word that can disambiguate the meaning of the sense of the polysemy word in that context. The rationale behind the organization of words in PolyWordNet is that any simple sentence, which contains a polysemy word, also contains at least a related word (s). A sense of a polysemy word and its related word(s) in a sentence, therefore, have a strong semantic relation which can be used to disambiguate the sense of the polysemy word. Utilizing this semantic relation, PolyWordNet organizes the senses of polysemy words based on their corresponding related words. The organization of words in PolyWordNet is completely different as compared to the existing other popular lexical resources such as dictionary and WordNet. The words in a dictionary are organized based on the alphabetical order. Therefore, the words that spell alike come together but the words with similar meaning get scattered in the dictionary. In WordNet, the words with similar meaning are placed together based on the synonymy set. The polysemy words are the big problems in Natural Language Processing tasks since they create the ambiguity. No lexical databases deals with the organization of words based on these polysemy words. Therefore, the PolyWordNet is developed. The words in PolyWordNet are organized in such a way that the senses of polysemy words and their corresponding related words come together and form clusters. The results obtained from 63 runs of experiments performed on 3,541 words and tested by 4,105 different test sentences show the word organization of PolyWordNet is better for word sense disambiguation. These results also indicate that the word organization of PolyWordNet is acceptable and valid with reference to the popular lexical database- WordNet.Item Seismic Perfromance of Masonary Building With Timber Frames(Faculty Civil Engineering, 2006) Shakya, KabirNepali traditional dwelling houses constructed in brick masonry with traditional technology constitute the major type of structures in the urban nuclei of the Kathmandu Valley. Preservation of these structures against possible earthquakes is of prime concern in view of conservation needs. The present study deals with the seismic evaluation of typical traditional Nepali traditional dwelling houses constructed in brick masonry with traditional technology constitute the major type of structures in the urban nuclei of the Kathmandu Valley. Preservation of these structures against possible earthquakes is of prime concern in view of conservation needs. The present study deals with the seismic evaluation of typical traditional building of brick masonry with timber frames. The present work of the comprehensive study on the subject is divided into two parts. In the first part, various modeling of connections between different elements of brickwork and timber is studied through analysis of number of analytical test models. Based on the results of the sensitivity study of different joint models, the most efficient and appropriate model adopted in the seismic evaluation of the typical traditional dwelling house, the second part of the work. The seismic evaluation of the typical building is carried out by three dimensional analysis of the structure using finite element method. For the analysis, the brickwork is discretized as the eight nodded solid elements, and the timber beams and columns as frame elements. The flexible timber floor is duly considered. The building is assessed for various load cases including gravity loads and earthquake effects in terms of response spectra. The results of the analysis show that the traditional floors and the spandrels of the existing structure are the weakest parts which need strengthening to make the structure withstand earthquake excitation. The required improvement and strengthening techniques are proposed mainly with the floor converted into rigid floor diaphragm. The analysis of the modified structure shows considerable improvement in the dynamic characteristics of the building and overall structural response. of brick masonry with timber frames. The present work of the comprehensive study on the subject is divided into two parts. In the first part, various modeling of connections between different elements of brickwork and timber is studied through analysis of number of analytical test models. Based on the results of the sensitivity study of different joint models, the most efficient and appropriate model adopted in the seismic evaluation of the typical traditional dwelling house, the second part of the work. The seismic evaluation of the typical building is carried out by three dimensional analysis of the structure using finite element method. For the analysis, the brickwork is discretized as the eight nodded solid elements, and the timber beams and columns as frame elements. The flexible timber floor is duly considered. The building is assessed for various load cases including gravity loads and earthquake effects in terms of response spectra. The results of the analysis show that the traditional floors and the spandrels of the existing structure are the weakest parts which need strengthening to make the structure withstand earthquake excitation. The required improvement and strengthening techniques are proposed mainly with the floor converted into rigid floor diaphragm. The analysis of the modified structure shows considerable improvement in the dynamic characteristics of the building and overall structural response.Item Seismic Vulnerability of flat Slab Structures(Department of Civil Engineering, 2007) Shrestha, Kshitij CharanaThe effectiveness of flat slab construction is very well known, however itsvulnerability when subjected to seismic excitation also needs to be studied owing toits flexibility. Flat slab buildings though prove to take gravity loads effectively, theirperformance under earthquake excitation has always been in question. For the studypurpose, a 5-storey regular building has been taken. For the modeling of flat slab, aneffective beam width concept hasbeen incorporated where the portion of the slab thatparticipates in stiffness sharing is formulated. The analytical procedure to be followedfor the analysis procedure has been linear static method. Here the vertical distributionof base shear to different floor levels has been done in accordance with the IndianStandard IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002. The seismic performance of the given buildingmodel for flat slab system as well as for the corresponding conventional slab-beam-column system has been studied. The check for limit states for inter-storey drifts aswell as punching shear has been done. Comparison has been for the exceedence of theabove mentioned limits states for the two systems. Flat slab buildings are found toshow higher inter-storey drift values as compared to those shown by conventionalframed system. Cost analysis has been performed for the two systems taking intoconsideration the different parameters: quantity of concrete volume, reinforcement,formwork, total volume of building and the timescale factor. The total cost involvedin construction for the two systems is compared for different configurations ofbuilding to state the effectiveness of flat slab building over the conventional beam-slab-column system. Flat slab system is found to be cost effective for panel sizeranging upto 6m x 6m and not so much effective afterwards.Item Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams Reinforced With Tmt Bars(Department of Civil Engineering, 2007) Shrestha, Sidhartha SagarTMT (Thermo Mechanically Treated) rebar has been in use in Nepal for last couple of years. There has been a state of confusion among designers to go into TMT or still use CTD (Cold Twisted Deformed) bars. It is the right time to investigate the comparative performance of TMT reinforced structural member and compare its performance to similar CTD counterpart. In this research work, eight reinforced concrete beams of size: 2000 mm × 230 mm × 300 mm. Four of them were reinforced with TMT bars from local market and the other four with CTD bars. The reinforcement detail in all the beams are identical including shear reinforcement; except four had TMT and other four had CTD longitudinal bars. Out of four in each case, two were tested in monotonic loading and the other two were tested in cyclic loading using Universal Testing Machine. The crack propagation pattern in all the eight beams was almost similar. The load deflection curve showed clear system yielding in case of TMT where as it was having smooth path in case of CTD. All the beams showed failure mode as crushing of concrete as designed except one which failed in shear. It was noted that the ratio of deflection of the centre point of the beam at the crushing load to that at the yielding load were more or less similar for both TMT and CTD reinforced beam. TMT reinforced beams showed greater ultimate load which was due to its higher strength. In both the TMT and CTD reinforced beams, the monotonically loaded beams showed greater ultimate load than the corresponding cyclically loaded beam. This investigation showed that the TMT reinforced structural beams behave more or less similar structural performance up to the rupture of tension reinforcement.Item A study on thermal performance of traditional residential buildings in Kathmandu Valley(Institute of Engineering, Architecture, 2013) Bajracharya, Sushil B.Available with full text