Browsing by Subject "Cardiovascular diseases"
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Item A Study of Prevalence and Self Care Practices on Hypertension among Adults in Pokhara,Kaski,Nepal(Department of Anthropology, 2019) Sunar, GyanendraAs an economic low-income country, Nepal is experiencing cardiovascular diseases as an emerging health problem. However, studies are lacking on the self-care practices of hypertension diseases in urban communities. Where the socio-demographical transition is in progress. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence and self-care practices of respondents on the hypertension disease in Pokhara-27, Nepal. Study design and setting this was a community-based, Description study carried out in Pokhara metropolitan-27 from June 2019 to August 2019. Study site represents one of the rapidly urbanizing places near second city (Pokhara) of Nepal. Study population, sample size and sampling strategy study respondents included adult (>25 years), of any sex and residing as a permanent resident. Sample size was 384. This study conveniently selected 384 respondents. Altogether, 384 adults from to 25 to 60 years of age were selected conveniently. Data were collected through modified WHO STEPS questionnaire for noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors survey and analyzed in SPSS software. Mean age of the respondents was 41 years. Majority of them were male(n=248;64.6%),(43%) represented Brahman and Chetri were 16.4%.Cardiovascular disease risk factors included smoking (32.8%), alcohol consumption (21.4%), insufficient fruit and vegetables intake (%), insufficient physical activity (66.9%), and hypertension (22.1%), They were significantly associated with different socio-demographic characteristics: smoking with gender, age groups and education level; alcohol consumption was with gender, age groups, ethnicity and occupation; insufficient physical activity with gender, age groups and occupation; hypertension with gender, age groups, ethnicity, education level and occupation. A description study was among 384 adults in the Pokhara valley of Kaski district. The study period was from June to August 2019. The level of knowledge and level of practice on hypertension is still very low in people. Result shows that the level of knowledge is significantly associated with the level of practice. People having good knowledge show good practice in their daily life. The level of knowledge and practice among adults is very poor. So, health Programme and BCC should be conducted for increasing awareness and for improving behavior of adults.Item Synthesis and Evaluation of Barbituric Acid Derivatives as Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors(Faculty of Chemistry, 2012) Khadka, DeegendraRapid increase of obesity and diabetes in modern society increases the risk of other complications, such as cardiovascular diseases, blindness, renal failure and even cancer. Orlistat is the only drug approved currently by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of obesity. Other drugs previously approved were suspended due to side effects. Sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and meglitinides are available in the market as the drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus but they are not kept a distance from side effects. Science communities have been focusing attention on the development of novel drugs that are safer and more efficient in treating obesity and diabetes. Protein tyrosine phosphatase1B (PTP1B) is an enzyme closely related with these diseases. PTP1B is a negative regulator of leptin and insulin signaling pathways. Genetic deletion of PTP1B in mice improved both leptin and insulin signaling, resulting in the resistance to diet-induced obesity and the enhancement of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. The enhancement of leptin signaling reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure, resulting in weight loss in mammals. Increased PTP1B expression has also been observed in insulin-resistant states associated with obesity. These results established PTP1B as a target for the treatment of both obesity and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this research is to develop low molecular weight inhibitors of PTP1B which have a good inhibitory potency, selectivity and favorable pharmacokinetics for the development of antidiabetic and antiobesity drugs. Barbituric acid was selected as a scaffold for the derivatization. A series of derivatives containing a single substitutuent were synthesized and their efficacy to inhibit PTP1B activity was determined. The most potent compound II-5e showed IC 50 of 11 µM against PTP1B and 27 µM against VHR. The nature of inhibition by compound II-5e was investigated by steady-state kinetic experiments with PTP1B, VHR and YPTP1. When the mode of inhibition was examined by the Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis of the kinetic experiments, II-5e inhibited PTP1B and YPTP1 noncompetitively and VHR competitively.