Browsing by Subject "Caste system"
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Item Paths to Dalit Empowerment:Comparison of a "Maoist Affected" Village and a Neighboring Town in Sindhupalchok(Department of sociology, 2020) Bishokarma, Resham BahadurPaths to Dalit Empowerment: Comparison of a "Maoist Affected" Village and a Neighboring Town in Sindhupalchok Key terms: Multiple paths, social change, caste system, untouchability, Dalit empowerment, Inter caste relationships with focus on Dalits and Non-Dalits, Maoists,People’s war This research focuses the effectiveness of alternate paths to Dalit empowermentwithin a specific historical, structural and spatial context. The historical and structural context of this research is that of the Maoist "People's War" (1996-2006) and the spatial context is a village where the Maoist had a heavy presence and a town where their presence was less salient even as other potential agents of empowerment were relatively powerful. This research engages with the question of the relative of effectiveness of the two alternate modes of intervention as far as Dalit empowerment is concerned. Did the Dalits of Kubhinde, the Sindhupalchok village, where the Maoist presence was intense, find themselves more empowered than the Dalit of Chautara, the near by headquarters of the Sindhupalchok district, where the Maoists were less power fuleven as there were many other agents of potential empowerment were in presence there? Did the Maoist class struggle succeed in resolving the contradictions that gave rise to the caste system in general and "untouchability" in particular? Can political parties that seek to resolve Dalit-non-Dalit contradictions resolve caste contradictions immediately after they come to power and exclusively through political initiatives?Or is a longer-term and multi-dimensiona lmobilization and state action necessary to resolve such contradictions? Analysis of observation, in-depth interview and focus group data with a variety ofstakeholders show that Dalits have been empowered where ever a political party,regardless of its broader ideology, has been able to shape the nature of awareness among Dalits and has united them together. As an example, the public space in Chautara e.g. teashop, restaurant/bar, temple, school, wedding party, suffers from alower level of "un touchability" than Kubhinde-even though "untouchability" is in practice in private homes. Second, education, economic opportunities, political VI consciousness, urbanization,road facilities, communications, market access, effects of globalization, and access to local services are the key principal factors that have played a key role in Dalit empowerment and social changes in urban areas. Where such facilities are lacking, for example in the rural settings such as Kubhinde, the level of Dalit empowerment and the rate of social change is weaker. Third,"Untouchability" and other discrimination against Dalits remain more severe in thevicinity of Brahmin/Chhetri settlements in both public and private spheres. Patron-client relations such as those between Dalits on the one hand and the Tamang, Ghale,Magar on the other, "Untouchability" and other discriminations are less intense. To conclude, political consciousness led by the Maoists is insufficient to empower Dalits even as the adoption of multiple paths leads to a higher level of empowerment.Item Socio-Economic Condition of Dalits (A Case Study of Kami People of Chainpur VDC, Sankhuwa Sabha, Nepal)(Department of Sociology, 2011) Joshi, SmitaNot availableItem Socio-Economic Condition of the Gaine (A Case Study of Putalibazar Municipality, Ward No. 9, Lamage, Syangja District)(Department of Rural Development, 2006) Giri, BishnuSince ancient period, Nepal has been renowned as a multi-lingual,multi-ethnic, multi-cultural, democratic, sovereign, land-locked kingdom where there is unity in diversity. Since then, Nepal is known as a fusion place of Aryans, who came from the south and Mongolians, who came from the north. In order to safeguard the linguistic, social, economic,political, religious, cultural, historical identities of various castes andethnics of Nepal, appropriate and right kind of studies and researches are today's need. In this thesis, the socio-economic condition of the Gaine, one of the Dalit, of Lamage, Putalibazar Municipality-9, Syangja District has beenstudied. Under this study, different aspects of social (marriage, family,education, health, etc.) and economical (occupation, population,agriculture, business, employment etc.) condition along with women's status, relationships with other castes, socio economic change, etc have been traced out. In this study, sample selection method has been taken as the investigation method under which 16 selected households have been interviewed and the data have been analyzed and presented in the descriptory way. Though this caste(Gaine) is rich in its social and cultural life, its economic condition is poor. Their traditional occupation is singing by playing their musical instrument, the Sarangi, dancing and begging. Their such occupation is getting extinct slowly and gradually.They have beenfound to have sung the songs playing their Srangi during the unification campaign and even during the democratic movements of B.S. 2007, 2017,2036, 2046 and 2063. Their songs can be classified on three categories:songs of bravery, songs influenced by the religious feelings and songs of 5 Look Geet. Their songs have also been found to show the heart-feltfeelings and emotions. The Gaine in Nepal have their settlements scattered all over the five development religons. They are the followers of Hinduism but they don’t use the Brahmin in their religious rituals. Their main Gods and Goddesses are Mahadev, Parvati, Ganesh and Saraswati. They also prayMai Devi, Chandi and Satya Narayan. They follow their traditions and festivals as done by the Hindu. The sources of income of the Gaine are traditional occupation, job,business, wages/labour, fishing, selling the Sarangi, animal husbandry,etc. They have now realized the necessity of the saving from their income. Some economic changes have been seen in them which are thechanges in their occupations, sources of income, methods of fishing,expenditure, saving, etc. Their educational status can't be considered satisfactory. When ill,they go to hospital or to witch-doctors or use local herbs for treatment.Their family structure has also been moving more towards nuclear than joint system. Towards marriage, they have been found to follow theirtraditional system of marrying their maternal uncle's (Mama) daughter but not aunt's-in-law (Bhupu) daughter. Now-a-days they have been building friendly relationships with other castes as well. They have been found to be interested in doing recreational activities, singing and dancing. But as their traditional occupation of singing, dancing and begging doesn't earn enough to fulfill their basic needs, they have beenleaving it. Therefore, their sword-dance done in marriage and Bratabanda,Aarbazo, a musical instrument of male and the Sarangi in some extent are perishing day-by-day. This can lead to the extinction of their cultural identity. 6 The changing trends in fashion due to rapid urbanization,westernization and modernization, the influence of various channels inT.V., radio, etc have put the tones of their Sarangi and songs in shade.The condition of giving up their traditional job has arisen instead of developing it with the changes of time. Their traditional occupation of singing, dancing and begging isn't considered respectable now-a-days and they too have difficulty running their lives with such kind of occupation.Hence, their such occupation has been taking continuity just to show their upcoming generation the identity and token of their ancestors, as the cultural conservation and for the international identity.