Browsing by Subject "Chitwan"
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Item Distribution, Population Status and Conservation Threats of Bucerosbicornis Linnaeus, 1758 in the Chitwan National Park, Nepal(Central Department of Zoology, 2018) Khanal, ArjunGreat Hornbill Bucerosbicornis is one of threatened avian species of Nepal and Chitwan National Park is one of the important habitats for this highly restricted-range species. This study was carried in winter (November) and summer (March). The distribution and abundance of the species was carried by surveying 14 transects in five different blocks in Chitwan National Park.Equal number transect were performed in two habitat i.e., Sal (Shorearobusta) and riverine forest. Among the 14 transects, hornbill were observed only in 11 transects. Great Hornbill was recorded mostly in riverine forest than Sal. The distribution pattern of the Great Hornbill was found to be uniform. A total of 30 individuals were observed in summer season whereas 21 in winter season and the flock size ranged from 3-6 individuals. They were recorded feeding mostly on fruiting trees such as in Dysoxylumbinectariferum, Ficusbengalensis and Bombaxceiba. Fruits of Myristicaceae and Lauraceae were the important tree families that were being consumed.The threats to Great Hornbill were analyzed from questionnaire survey and through direct observation.The threats such as habitat loss, hunting and human disturbance were observed as the major threats to the species in the national park. Community based conservation initiation programs should be encouraged by Government and concerned conservation organizations and also further research should be conducted for the abundance and distribution on Great Hornbill. Key Words: Great Hornbill, Near Threatened, Chitwan, UniformItem Ecotourism Potentialities in Chitwan National Park with Reference to the Case Study in Sauraha, Chitwan, Nepal(Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu Nepal, 2011-09) Bhandari, RenuFrom the nature conservation standpoint in Bachhauli Village Development Committee of Chitwan National Park, Ecotourism is providing economic benefit for the people living there as this National Park has been a hub of wildlife tourism area since a long time. This VDC lies in the northern buffer zone of the national park. This study was carried out in Sauraha from December 2009 to January 2010 with available and possible standard methods. Various tourism infrastructures for the comfort and recreation of the visitors like hotels, forest roads and wooden bridges, guided tours, elephant safaris, boating/canoeing, jungle drive/walk, dance of indigenous people, and village walk were studied in such a way to analyze and to know their impacts on the indigenous flora and fauna of the area. The study revealed majority of tourists were satisfied from their trip to Chitwan National Park. No significant differences were noted between pre and post visit satisfaction at 5% level of confidence. As the F tab (2.87) calculated is greater than F cal (2.19) which showed that there was no significant differences between pre and post visit satisfactions. The research showed the area has a strong ecotourism potentiality with its natural and cultural resources that offers for all types of tourists. The potentiality of the area was recorded as 2.216 which showed that this national park have a high potential.Item Milk Value Chain in Rural Dairy Farming System in the Selected Districts of Gandaki River Basin, Nepal: A Case Study of Gorkha, Tanahun, Chitwan Districts(entral Department of Rural Development Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 2015-10) Banskota, NirajThe Research entitled Milk Value Chain in Rural Dairy Farming System in the Selected Districts of Gandaki River Basin, Nepal is an academic research work for MA, Rural Development. The General Objective of this study is to analyze the existing status of milk production and milk products value chain in Chanuli, Dumre and Palungtar. It studies the in-depth assessment of the milk and milk products marketing through identifying actors’ factors and relationships. The study follows descriptive and exploratory research design where both qualitative and quantitative information have been included. The universe of the study was 500 samples. The farmers providing at least 10 liters of milk production in the cooperatives were selected. Simple random sampling was used as respondents .The sample size was 18 % of the total universe balancing the same percentage from the existed milk cooperatives. Both secondary and primary data from the five major milk producing was collected covering the whole milk value chain from production to the market as well as the policy, regulatory and institutional framework under which the sub-sector is operating. Actively working intermediates (key informants) were also used. Household survey, interview, observation, focused group discussion and interview with the key informants were adopted to collect data. For this, structured questionnaire and guidelines were developed. The GRB region is rich in animal resources as it owns ~20% of cattle population and ~30% of buffalo population of the country (MoAD, 2012). Cattle in Gandaki River Basin are almost entirely of the zebu type and are sources of milk. Buffaloes alone contribute about 84% of the milk production in the GRBs. There are approximately 1.5 million cattle, 1.5 million buffaloes, 0.1 million sheep, 2 million goats. Livestock production in pastoral areas system that supports an estimated 10% of population covers 50-60% of the total area. The key actors in the formal dairy value system include milk producer farmers, MPCSs, MCCs, and milk processing plants/cheese factories. Firstly, there are rural farmers and their function is to be engaged in milk production. The next are MPCSs established in the rural areas, Milk and milk products were channeled to consumers vi through both formal and informal marketing systems through private and DDC businesses. The strength of dairy sector to develop the rural area is; strong dairy cooperatives with their presence from the grass root level i.e. rural area to the source of income. The pragmatic weakness of the dairy sector were hygienic milk production/ lack of stringent measure on quality control / lack of awareness, scattered production and difficult geography- increased cost in collection and transportation, poor infrastructure for milk collection, chilling and transport etc. The opportunities are wide as livestock are widely distributed with even distribution of cattle and buffaloes throughout, consumption of milk and dairy products is traditional but there is increasing gap between demand for and supply of milk and milk products, market opportunities of milk and milk products have increased particularly in the densely populated urban areas. Compulsion for coexistence of productive and unproductive (old, male, diseased) cattle further depleting scarce feeding resources, poor competitiveness- upsurge in import of milk and milk products, , increasing cost of inputs including labor, shortage of labor- young generation seeking jobs overseas, reluctance of financial institutions on lending for agriculture, high opportunity costs of land and labour particularly around the main highways and townships where the dairy farming activities pragmatic threats of the milk producing areas in the Gandaki river basins. There are opportunities which the competitiveness of milk subsector that can be built up on untapped high milk production potential. Since, small portion of the total marketable milk reaches the terminal market due to different needs to be addressed for overcoming value chain approach. These supports for the organizational and business management and development gaps among the small- scale milk processing units. The main theme of the recommendation is that; any interventions in the milk and milk value chain should address the poor and women pastoralists/ producers for livelihood enhancement of these poor.Item Role of Tourism in the Development of Sauraha, Chitwan(Central Department of Rural Development Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2016-05) Subedi, KamalaThe present study has focused on ‘role of tourism in Sauraha Chitwan'. It is upon a case study of Ratnanagar municipality in Chitwan District. This study had been conducted from January 2016 to May 2016. The study was mainly limited to household survey of ratnanagar municipality, ward No. 2. Out of 540 households, 60 HHs was selected with quota and random sampling method by lottery and lucky-dip. The survey was mainly conducted on local-people including those of Tharu culture and the key informant interview was mainly on religious sites. The study was based on qualitative and quantitative research approach. Tourism has a great prospect in the Sauraha. Geographically Chitwan lies in Southern Central part of Nepal. Nepal has an unequalled ecological and natural environment variation ranging from the Terai plains to Mountain and High Himalayas representing richness in biological and cultural diversity. It has been found that the area has huge potentials for tourism development as in other destinations in the country. Biodiversity, endangered fauna like crocodile and python etc. and their habitat, natural scenario, fishing, cultural and religion in prospect of tourism have been found great potentialities of attract various natural tourism. Thus, the study has three major objectives, 1. To analyze the economic impact on local people. 2. To analyze the prospect of socio-cultural tourism. 3. To identify issues and problems of tourism in Sauraha. To reduce the overall poverty taking through the creation of income and employment generating activities in the key sectors, we look upon the existing tourism development approach in Sauraha and we find that the wildlife tourism is the single most but other complementary projects such as hiking, bird watching, solitude wondering around the pond and lakes, fortuities and culture, community display, agro-tourism, sport tourism type and of religious type tourism. In view of the promotion of tourism, the study examines the potentiality and essential of tourism in Sauraha. Sauraha is really a natural, cultural, religious way for all the Nepalese. It is also near from major cities of Nepal in thinking of its accessibility. As the results of the study shows that there is a great potentiality for tourism in Sauraha in spite of its strengths, like transport facilities, rich biodiversity, cultural diversity and religious values for tourism development. Tourism in the area has not been found properly developed due to the weakness as mentioned in the following lines. Lack of awareness, negligence on the part of government, economic deficiency, publicity lack and promotion etc. 29.11% of local respondents focused economic deficiency as main weakness for tourism development in the study area. Economic gain, utilization of local resources, improvement on livelihood, publicity of the area, conservation of culture etc have also been found to be the opportunity for tourism development along with the threats - an acculturation of threats on biodiversity, change in religion, prostitution and other negative impacts in the area. By proper management of attractions and strength, threats of tourism could be minimized by maximizing the opportunities. Rural tourism could then be the clean force to change the livelihood of rural people and an integrated development of the area at large.Item Solid Waste Management in Ratnanagar Municipality -1 Chitwan District(Rural Development ,Saptagandaki Multiple Campus, Bharatpur, Chitwan, 2017-04) Gupta, Satish KumarThe thesis entitled "Solid Waste Management in Ratnanagar Municipality -1 Chitwan District" highlights the situation of solid waste management practices in study area. General objective of this study is to analyze the situation of solid waste management in Ratnanagar municipality ward no 1. Specific objectives are to examine the current solid waste management system in the study area. Both analytical and descriptive research design were used to complete of this study. Quantitative data were analyzed by using analytical research design and qualitative data were analyzed by using qualitative research design and find out the situation of solid waste management situation of the study area. Ratnanagar municipality ward no 1 is Tandi Bazzar area is the sample site of this study. Total population of the wards is 4999 (CBS Report, 2011). In main highway lines there are 201 households among them 25% households (50) were taken as sample household. From each household single individual was taken for interview by busing random sampling method. The present study was based both primary and secondary data. Secondary data were used in literature review and that were collected through library study method and books, article, journal, previous thesis are used as the main sources of secondary data. Primary data were collected from the field by using various data collection techniques such as questionnaires and observation. Solid wastes are a growing environmental problem in the study area. Increase in population along with the rapid urbanization has led to the increase in waste generation rate in the study area. Furthermore, change in living standard of the people and change in food habit have increased the rate of inorganic waste. All these have added to the problems in solid waste management which is a global issue. The major sources of solid waste in Ratnanagar municipality are municipal, domestic, commercial and agricultural, which consists of both organic and inorganic. The total waste generated in Study area has been increasing day by day. The citizen should be encouraged by the authority for the segregation of wastes at household level. They shall promote recycling or reuse of segregated materials. Waste minimization efforts should be motivated at the primary and secondary levels of waste collection. The citizen should be encouraged by the authority for the segregation of VII waste at household level and for composting of waste for stabilization of wastes. The concerned authorities should adopt suitable technology, a combination of such technologies to make use of wastes so as to minimum burden on landfill. Landfill should be restricted to non-biodegradable and other wastes that are not suitable either for recycling or for biological processing. The concerned authority has to appoint more employees in order to extend their service area. Community participation should be increased and local NGOs should be mobilized in solid waste management. Gap between staffs within the municipality should be omitted so that ongoing event inside the municipality could be easily known and should take responsibility on the people’s work inside municipality i.e. institutional strengthen should be establish.Item Tharu and Their Rituals: An Anthropological analysis of changing rituals at Sharadanager, Chitwan(Center Department of Sociology/Anthropology, 2009) Poudel, RanjitaNot availableItem Utilization of Block Grant in Local Body: A Study of Kabilas Vdc in Chitwan District(The Department of Economics and Rural Development, 2017-04) Paudyal, Surya PrasadDecentralization is accepted as a main means of enhancing good governance, a process of administrative, political, social and economic development works, and a strategy for promoting people’s participation and empowerment of peoples. By the way of decentralization and devolution of services from the Centre to the local level there are provisioned two tire local bodies District Development Committee and Village Development Committee/Municipality.Every year government provides the grant to local bodies for carrying out development activities . This studygives attention the status of utilization of block grant in local body; a case study has been taken by Kabilas VDC of Chitwan district. This study was carried out three major objectives. The first objective was to find out the utilization of block grant received by VDC from center budget and DDC. As per the finding of this study, VDC have got regularly grant from national budget as target. Second objective was to find out the status of women, children and disadvantage people participation in planning, implementation and decision making process in VDCs. However, there is lack of meaningful participation and need to participation to them. Third, what are challenges and constrains of utilization of block grants to target groups. Finally, the study is for the partial fulfillment of MA Rural Development having general objectives of utilization of block grant in local body with the focused on study of Kabilas VDC in Chitwan district. This study carried out based on explorative and descriptive both type of research design. The nature and source of data collection through primary as well as secondary method has been applied. Main source of primary data are collect form Kabilas VDC. For the primary data collection, choosing seventy two respondents throughout the VDC through accidental method and observation method also applied for the data collection. Other secondary data collect from different published, book, journal which is published by respective VDC and DDC and different website as well. Likewise, an interview was conducted to each key informant with structured or unstructured questionnaire. Similarly, data collection form general public and focus group discussion with structured and prepared open ended question. The study was focused to lot of challenges and constrictions to implement the budget and program of VDCs. Absent of elected local bodies, raising work load of staffs, lack of proper knowledge for the job responsibility, political interferes, lack of coordination are VII major challenges and constraints to implement the budget and program. Government has prepared separate guideline for effective implementation and proper utilization of VDC grant and earmarked certain percent budget for children, women and disadvantage people. The findings of the study is d evelopment activities are approved on the basis of community demand but the prioritization is made on the basis of the available fund and to some extend interest of the political party and pressure group as well. Though participation of women, children and disadvantage group has been in the priority list of local governments but they have not been able to receive the benefits as expected. However, the result of this VDC looks much better in terms of participation and benefits sharing by the target groups. People’s participation are not encourage by the local government and the budget allocated for the target group are used as per their desire as they could not identify the focus program for the target groups. Project are mostly selected on the basis of the personal interest . The function, duty and power of local bodies is to look after agriculture, rural drinking water, works and transport, education and sports, irrigation and soil erosion and river control, physical development, health service, forest and environment, language and culture, tourism and cottage industries development etc. The function, duty and power of council are to pass the budgets, plans and program submitted through participatory planning process. Despite the fact of the compliance of budget allocation and program implementation systems are still out of track. It is hoped that this study will help to understand how VDC allocate VDC grant and made expenditure. Similarly, this study will help to find the level of women, children and disadvantage people participation in VDC level. The large contribution that these grants make to local development has led the Government to increase the amount over recent years.Item चितवनका नारी साहित्यस्रष्टाहरूको सर्वेक्षण र विश्लेषण(Department of Nepali, Birendra Multiple Campus, 2067) भट्टराई, ऋषिराम