Browsing by Subject "Civilization"
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Item Affirmation of Tradition against the Ruptures of Modernity in Brideshead Revisited(Department of English, 2013) Yadav, SantoshThis thesis makes a study of Evelyn Wangh's Brideshead Revisited recontextualizing the novel against the emerging post-war discourses. It explores and analyzes the affirmation of tradition against the ruptures of modernity by defining the terms tradition and modernity and showing the relation between them. The novel, in fact, is an exploration of the story of a traditional catholic family and the changing function of the country house. The action of the novel describes providence, grace, and the redemption through suffering of a jaded, often hilarious modernism. It explores these themes in the memory of a fictional narrator, Charles Ryder.Item Conflict between Tradition and Modernity in Tawfiq Al-Hakim‘s The Song of Death(Central Department of English Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2015) Shrestha, RameshThe present research entitled ―Conflict between Tradition and Modernity in Tawfiq al-Hakim‘s The Song of Death‖ explores contradictions, conflicts and shows disagreements and disparity prevalent in the mid-twentieth century Egyptian society. The concept of younger and older generation of the then society comes in to clash in many aspects of their life such as thinking, behavior, treatment and lifestyle. The playwright takes character of new generation as agent to get exposure to the modern values, which he tries to apply in the traditional rural Egyptian society. In doing so, there arise problems of clash between two different values as well as in the life of the characters. University education, free life, individualism, social law and justice and some of the values are associated with modernity, which the main character adopts in his life but these values do not go with the conventions of the traditional rural Egyptian society. The consequence is further suffering. Older generation is represented by Asakir and Mabruka and younger generation by Ilwan and Simeida. Ilwan always hopes for new ideas and gives priority to social law and justice and modern way of thinking over the rural Egyptian orthodoxy culture and tradition. But older generation especially Asakir is against it and opposes Ilwan in many aspects of changes. Ilwan hopes to change orthodoxical thinking of the then society by adopting modern way of thinking and social law and justice. To study these issues, the research takes the support of primarily the theoretical concepts of modernity. The research explores how conflict comes in to existence among the people of the society because of modernization.Item Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and The Secret Sharer : A Study In Colonial Psyche(Department of English, 2009) Bhusal, Narendra KumarNot AvailableItem Discourse of Othering in J.M. Coetzee's Youth(Department of English, 2011) Ale, Narayan JungThis dissertation attempts to illustrate how westerners exploit , dominate and misrepresent the non-westerners in the name of civilization, on the one hand, and how no westerners themselves misrepresent their own land, people and culture as inferior due to their colonized mentality on the other. The textYouthby J.M. Coetzee has been taken to conclude the finding mentioned above. An African boy, John inYouthMisrepresent the African people as the other to the Western discourse, power, and ideology. TheEuro-centric prejudices demonstrate the African native people as barbarians and legitimize African Language, culture, custom and lifestyle as inferior. The characters who are victimized by the Western ideology, fix the inferior identity of the Africans. Moreover, they represent the West as the centre and Africa as the Other. To conclude the colonized people cannot be free and from the grip of colonial mentality that regards Westerners as modern, civilized, superior, and non-Westerners as uncivilized, backward and barbaric Others. Coetzee's Novel reveals the institutionalized power exercised by Europeans over-non Europeans to rule them. The African people have been misrepresented in his novel, and thus, discourse of othering has been crated.Item Historicity and images of Teku complex, Kathmandu(Department of Nepalese History, Culture and Archaeology, 2018) Sthapit, SurajNot availableItem Mediation and Multiple Narratives in Louise Erdrich's The Antelope's Wife(Department of English, 2018) Yadav, Ramakant PrasadThe major thrust of this research is to examine how the narratological devices in Erdrich are The Antelope's Wife. In addition, certain knowledge about Native American literature is also used to strengthen methodological fulcrum of this research. The interconnection among various narrative tools and fusion of disparate narrative voices gives rise to a forum for negotiation. The notion of plurality and negotiation of disparate voices are examined at length in the novel, The Antelope's Wife. This study dwells upon the multifarious narrative techniques depicting essential aspects of the impossible reconciliation between two separate worlds represented by multiple voices. The strong traditional Native American threads and the weaker and weaker civilized Minneapolis coexist in the narrative. Erdrich’s contrast between the well-defined utterances manages to bring into focus the tremendously rich heritage of the Native American civilization as it is presented in The Antelope Wife. The diverse narrative structures constantly interweave. This interweaving creates a complex vista of the contemporary American society. The narrator is also equally oriented towards his native ritual, cults and tradition while undertaking a risky job of chasing and tracking the missing criminals. Native youths believe that there is problem in accepting diversity, difference, multiplicity and heterogeneity. They do not succeed in this attempt at cultural synthesis. They give value to naïve American culture, genealogy, racial ancestry and rituals.Item Occidental Colonial Motif in J. M. Coetzee’s Waiting for the Barbarians(Faculty of English, 2013) Rai, PreminaThis thesis attempts to illustrate how the Orientalists exploit, dominate and misrepresent the Orientals in the name of civilization. The text Waiting for the Barbarians by J.M. Coetzee has been taken to conclude the finding mentioned above. British officers Colonel Joll and Mandel in Waiting for the Barbarians misrepresent the African people as the Other due to their power. The Euro-centric prejudices demonstrate the African native people as barbarians, and legitimize African language, culture, custom and life-style as inferior. The characters who are victimized by the Orientalists’ ideology, fix the inferior identity of the Africans. They represent the West as the centre and Africa as the Other. A theoretical application of Orientalism has been discussed to study the thesis. Orientalism is the western mentality, thought, pattern, or the thinking parameter regarding the Orient. This mentality divides the world into two parts; Orient and Occident. In this division all the positive terms are given to the Occident and negative ones are given to the Orient. The African people who are colonized have to accept the concept that is constructed by the Orientalists. Colonial discourse has shown how the Orientalists exercise institutionalized power over the Orientals to rule them. It has also been an instrument to inferiorize them. The Orientalists cannot be free from the grip of colonial mentality that regards themselves as modern, civilized, superior, and the Orientals as uncivilized, backward and barbaric Others. This novel illustrates the success of imperial power over colonized people. The African people have been misrepresented in the novel by creating the discourse of othering.Item Reconstruction of Madness in Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest(Department of English, 2007) Dhungel, ShishirAltering the power through certain resistance, Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest ruptures the prevailing discourse of madness which was constructed by the mental institutions of the late 50s. Kesey, by portraying the constructive nature of the discourse of madness, foregrounds the nexus of the discourse with power; when the power is sifted from Nurse Ratched to McMurphy, the subversion of the discourse of madness begins. The voices of the mad also become stronger. Circulation of power, now, becomes a tool for the reconstruction of the discourse of madness. Thus, civilization for Kesey is the projection of power in the domain of the discursive practice. In the name of civilization, the people in power try to represent the ‘mad’ or ‘uncivilized’ by creating the ‘truth.’ This idea is close to Foucault’s radical thesis, “Madness and Civilization,” that highlights the essential link between power relations and their capacity to produce the truths we live by.