Browsing by Subject "Community forestry"
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Item An Aspect of Economic Effect of Community Forestry: (A Case Study of Shanti Community Forestry of Lalmatiya VDC, Dang)(Department of Economics, 2008) Bhusal, Tilak PrasadNot AvailableItem Community Forestry for Environmental Management and Poverty Reduction in Nepal- A Case study of Syalapani Community Forest Management, Dang(Department of Rural Development, 2008) Nepal, Rohini RajCommunity forestry concept is an innovative and future oriented approach towards participatory forest management by the local people. Community forestry in Nepal provides some key outcomes in the aspects of livelihoods and democracy and identifies two key lessons in relation to forest resource management, social inclusion and contribution to democratization process in Nepal. Rural people as having complex livelihoods depend on diverse resources, not as farmers who depend on a single resource. Community management is an effective way to transfer state property rights to rural people. People dependent on forest resources often live in extreme poverty. The majority of the world’s poorest people live in rural areas. People who depend on forests for their livelihoods are often geographically isolated, socially and culturally marginalised. The World Bank estimates that 80 percent of people living in absolute poverty depend on forest resources. This means that forest management is central to poverty alleviation. Syalapani Community Forest has increased community participation in forest management and community people agree with current changes towards a more diversified understanding of rural livelihoods amongst forestry organisations and development workers. It has promoted social equity because several groups share control over resources, including marginalised people. If excessive rent seeking can be avoided, collaboration with state forest authorities can improve management and market access for villagers and improve resource use in tropical forests.Item Conflict Resolution in Natural Resource Management: A Case Study of Forest of Panchkhal VDC in Kavre District(Department of Rural Development, 2008) Acharya, Kumar PrasadNepal is rich in bio diversity including flora and fauna. Natural resources (NR) are the major component for the visualisation of its beauty even by the developed countries. Nepal's position on biodiversity is 25th and 11th among countries in the world and Asian continent, respectively. In such a condition, NRs are the major assets and ornaments of the country. Therefore, its management process should be strong. Among the NRs, forest resources are special. The majority of the Nepalese people are surviving with the help of forest resources. Forest is an important renewable NRs, which contributes is highly to the economic development of the country by providing a variety of goods and services. People use forests for many purposes such as fuel wood, fodder, timber, green grass, litter and minor forest products such as fruits, nuts, medicine, and others. The forest resources have undoubtedly been utilized to satisfy the subsistence need of local people for a along time. Sustainable utilization of NR will be an effective way to reduce poverty. Although different schemes were adopted in the country for the sustainable forest management (FM) they could not achieve fruitful outcome and thus the people are facing various conflicts in NR used. Conflict over NR is developed not by one single factor but rather it caused by many others. Conflict usually brings positive results if it is properly handled .In Nepal forest management (FM) system is facing an increasing number of disputes and conflicts infected by the use of forest products, their distribution and management process. This research tries to analyse the causes of conflict, ways to conflicts, resolve and the sound management strategy for NRs around Panchkhal in Kavre district. The aim of this research is to give a short description of sustainable forest management (SFM) scheme. For this purpose Panchkhal of Kavre district was selected purposively. Descriptive and exploratory methods of data analysis are used in this research. Mainly primarily and secondary data are used focusing on qualitative as well as quantitative aspects. Stratified sampling method was used to determine the sample for the study. For the data analysis simple statistical method like tabulation, percentages diagram, pi-cart were used where necessary. The study area was very heterogeneous in terms of caste/ethnic composition. About 48 percent of the sampled population is economically active. All HHs used fuel wood as the source of energy for cooking. The contribution of forest resources to the local respondents was in the form of firewood, green grass, fodder, timber, litter and row materials for small-scale cottage industries. There may be different causes of conflict in NRs. In the study area the causes of conflict were: lack of basic needs, boundary encroachment, racial discrimination, poor people's participation, poor decision-making process, lack of adoption of the rules and regulation by forest user groups (FUGs) and forest user group committee (FUGC), poverty dominant role of local elites and others. In case of forest resources user group are the main actors arousing the conflict themselves and also are candidates to solve those problems. The effective ways of resolving conflict in NRs are found to be: demarcation of boundary, reasonable use of fund, general policy implications negotiation, mediation, conciliation facilitation, consensus, information, optimum allocation of resources and benefit, poverty reduction and fulfil the basic needs.Item Contribution of Community Forestry for the Livelihood of Rural People (A Case Study of Gijara and Babukuwa Community Forest of Banke District)(Faculty of Anthropology, 2014) Baruwal, Tek BahadurCommunity Forestry is most accurately and usefully understood as an umbrella term denoting a wide range of activities which link rural people with forests, trees and the products and benefits to be derived from them. This study was carried out in two different Community Forest in Banke district on the basis of proposed criteria’s with the help of District Forest Office, Banke. This study investigates the user’s preference towards forest products and quantifies the direct economic contribution of community forestry to the user’s households. Empirical data of the case study were collected from Gijara and Babukuwa CFUGs which are located inUdharapur and Kamdi VDC respectively inBanke district in Nepal. Households survey, group discussion, key informant interviews were the main methods applied in the investigation. Out of 624 HHs 77 were selected purposively in which 35 (276) from Gijara and 42 (348) from Babukuwa was selected and survey was carried out to collect primary information from the users’ household using interview schedule, group discussion and field observation. Secondary information was collected from different published and unpublished literatures from different sources. Collected data was logically presented with simple tables, charts, percentage and diagram. Qualitative data was analyzed in descriptive way. The user’s with low economic status (poor) are the main beneficiaries of the community forest. It is also found that such people are extracting more commercial forest products whereas the interest of the high economic status (rich) were mostly limited to in- house consumption and subsistence uses of forest products. It was clearly shown that the higher the household’s income, the lower the dependency on CF. In both CFUGs, CF contribute to reducing the inequality of household income among the different forest user groups.Item Contribution of Community Forestry on Local Livelihood(Central Department of Rural Development Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 2017-04) Rai, ArbinCommunity forests have existed in their modern form in Nepal since 1987, when the government began a phased handover of state-owned forest to communities. The government hoped that this would be an incentive for communities to conserve and restore what were by that point heavily degraded forests. Under this theme, Ambote Singhadevi, Community Forest which cover an area of 50.128 hectares and located in Irkhu VDC, Ward no. 7 of Sindhupalchowk District was handed over to community in July 2004 AD. Since the handover of the forest, there has been significant change in greenery as well as on livelihood of the local people who were dependent upon forest and forest products for their daily needs. The main objective of the study entitled “Contribution of Community Forestry on Local Livelihood: A Case of Ambote Singhadevi Community Forest, Sindhupalchowk” was to assess the status of socio-economic condition, adopted forest management strategies and its contribution on livelihood of forest dependent people. Livelihood assessment was determined using “Sustainable Livelihood Framework Guidance Sheet” prepared by DIFID. Assessment of livelihood on forest dependent community was based on field observation, Key Informant Interview and Focus Group Discussion where judgmental scoring method was applied. Questionnaire for which was developed on the basis of Sustainable Livelihood Framework Guidance Sheet. The total average scores for five livelihood capitals namely human, physical, social, financial and natural capitals which were used to assess the livelihood were found to be 1.765, 1.617, 2.361, 2.042 and 2.702 respectively. The result illustrated that the forest under study had significantly contributed to enhance the condition of human, social and natural capitals. The contribution was noticeable in terms of physical capital but the condition of financial capital was found to be dissatisfactory.Item Contribution of Community Forestry on Users household (A Case Study of Patale Community Forestry User Groups Lamatar,Lalitpur, Nepal)(Department of Sociology, 2012) Paudyal, SandhyaNot availableItem Contributuion of Community Forestry in Livelihoods enhancement of Users Groups "A Sociological study of Mayalu Community Forestry" in Dang District(Department of Sociology, 2011) Sapkota, Tilak PrasadNational forest in Nepal is being increasingly handed over as community forest to fulfill the basic needs of forest products along with income and employment to the rural people. With changing context, community forest has broadened itself as important activity for rural livelihood empowerment. The need of identifying rural livelihoods empowerment impact of community forestry with emphasizing the employment opportunity, researcher has chosen this study topic contribution of community forestry in livelihood enhancement of users group by increased employment opportunity in selected community forest in Dang district. Focus group discussion, face-to face household survey and study of relevant secondary literature were the basic tools to gather the information. Both qualitative as well as quantitative data were used to draw the conclusion. Quantitative data were analyzed with the help of computer, Excel 2007. Majority (83 %) of respondents had agricultural occupation. Land holdings has positive correlation with well-being status in agrarian society, thus it was tried to find out the landholdings of the respondent. The majority of the respondents were from medium level landholdings (0.33 to 1.6 ha) size. Livestock rearing practices was changing towards stall-feeding system from conventional open grazing system after the handover the forest patches as community forestry. It has created positive impact on regeneration in community forest.Alternative energy was found at initial stage in the study area. Only 19 % respondents have installed Bio-gas plant for cooking purpose. This figure indicates that, there is great potentiality of bio-gas installation. Some forest management activities were practiced in CFUG but they were still passively managed with strict protection. The resources were underutilized. Neither, the forest operational plan was positive towards active forest management nor the users were aware about the importance of active forest management for sustainable benefit. Recently, some NTFP promotion activity was introduced in selected CF which has contributed to the earning of users. This study has highlighted the potentiality of future employment generation through intensive management of productive forest and NTFP promotion in CF through short term lease to the poor users .The case of selected CF,Mayalu CFUG has shown the possibility of earning Nepalese currency Twenty thousand per annum from just 2 kattha (0.06 ha) of land. iv This study reveals that community forestry has remarkable contribution in livelihood as sets generation but the assets were not equitably accessible to the poor people. The disparity of poor in human, financial, and social assets were identified. Total of 3 person full employment for whole year employment have been created through community forestry in selected CF. This study has explored the future potentiality of 100workday/ha seasonal employment from the intensive forest management and 480 workday/hafrom NTFP cultivation. It has recommended for technical support to the users for active forest management as well as NTFP cultivation & processing. Present research has also recommended the need of strong marketing linkage of NTFP products to increase the benefitto the rural community. The recommendations for user group level are equitable benefit sharing system should be adopted during the distribution of forest products and group fund, and It is very important to include poor, women and other disadvantaged members in the decision making position of CFUG. Similarly at the district level; technical support for active forest management needs to be provided through DFO and/or other partner organizations. NTFP cultivation should be promoted with sufficient technical knowledge and well-established marketing mechanism should be improved in district level. Identification and promotion of viable forest based enterprises needs to be established in a way that provide sustainable benefits to the poorusers.Item Economic Effect of Community Forestry in Nepal (A Case Study of Madhu Community Forestry User Group in Khalanga VDC, Salyan)(Department of Economics, 2008) Thapa, ParasmaniNot AvailableItem Factors Affecting People's Participation in community Forestry A Sociological Study of Pas the khola Community Forestry of Kaski District(Department of Sociology, 2011) Neupane, AusadNot availableItem Gender Role in Common Resource Management A Case Study of Chisakhola Community Forest, Sarangkot VDC, Kaski, Nepal(Faculty of Sociology, 2014) Sharma, Narayan PrasadCommunity forestry was introduced in Nepal in 1978. The community forestry approach has been highly successful in the protection of forest in the Hills of Nepal.Women and men are playing an important role in sustainable development of community forests. However, the role of female is neither properly identified nor explored. So, the study focuses to the Gender participation in community forest management of Chisakhola community forest user's group. The general objectives of the study is to find the participation of male and female in community forest usergroup's activities whereas the specific objectives of the study are: analyze the socio-economic condition of male and female members of community forestry as well as to find out their attitude towards community forestry. Chisakhola community forest was selected for the study. This study was based on primary and secondary data and the nature of data is qualitative. There are 108 households all of them were chosen for study. Both male and female respondents were selected for interview, Key informants and focus group discussion. During the study, primary and secondary data were collected by using both quantitative (applied Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)tools) and qualitative methods (used questionnaires). For the study, total 108 households(100%) were interviewed. The data of the study has been analyzed using both quantitative and descriptive methods. During the field survey some obstacles were observed and understood for women to participate community forestry activities. Traditional male dominated culture,household works load, lack of empowerment, poor economic condition, lack of knowledge and lack of awareness were pointed as the key obstacles.. Majority of respondents (86.4%) reported that both male and female were getting benefit from community forest. Participation of women in attending meeting was like audience is high (43.17%). Taking part actively in general meeting, sharing in decision making and discussion was very low. In this community forest Brahmins and Chettris are the dominating forest user groups whereas dalits are in minority. Participation of Brahmin and Chettri is high in comparison to others. Women participation was satisfactory but less with the comparison of male. The users are satisfied with the work carried out by forest user committee and community forest program.Item Impact of Community Forestry on Poverty Reduction A Case Study of Jukekhadi Community Forest User Group, Khudunabari, Jhapa, Nepal(Department of Economics, 2007) Luitel, Tek PrasadThis dissertation is an assessment of the Impacts of Community Forestry User Group on Poverty reduction and Local Development Conducted in Jukekhadi Community Forestry. It attempts to find out the different activities made by the user group for the betterment of poor household and user group's participation using the Forest resource. It reviews direct and indirect income generating activities of CFUG Sectors as well as the activities under taken by the user group for the preservation of forest resource. The Government started to hand over forest to the local user people after the restoration of democracy in 1990. Community forestry programme is based on democratic values and norms where People have full authority in protection, management and utilization of forest resource in their own way. It is a kind of participatory approach where community people themselves involve in different development activities using the fund created from the forest resource. Community Forestry is now one of the main forest management systems of Nepal and it aims to provide basic needs and economic benefits to the country's rural people. The master plan for the forestry sector of Nepal (1988) has clear guide lines to place all community forest management works under the control of user groups in order to ensure the benefits as well as the costs for management among the users and to encourage sustainable forest management. In spite of these progressive Ideas for the development of sustainable forest management system, equitable benefits sharing among user and conducting community development activity as well as poverty reduction activity and welfare activity of user have become one of the most challenging issues in planning and development of community forestry. Conflicts and disputes generally guided by political ideology have often developed among the users, particularly when the time for implementation of various forest operations, allocating the forest products, benefit sharing, eventually arrived. Meanwhile, government forest policies and legislation are inadequate to encourage user groups to solve these problems. Hence, a study of the community development, forest development activity carried out by CF and real income generation and benefit sharing pattern for sustainable community forest management is relevant to present day challenges of community forestry in Nepal. Identifying the real benefits and real income generation from community forestry may present no major conceptual difficulties but can be very difficult to carry out in practice. Income to the FUG from the collection of fuel wood, poles, timber, least litter, fodder, grasses and bedding materials are taken as the direct benefits. The indirect value of community forest refers to socio-economic and environmental goods and services that the Jukekhadi Community Forest provides Community Forestry Programme has become economically effective providing sustainable forest products, reducing the poverty level, generating income through modernization of traditional agricultural pattern, helping in rural infrastructure building etc. This micro-level study has shown that the present management process of the Jukekhadi Community Forestry needs to be improved to increase its productivity and distribute its direct and indirect benefit to the users on an equitable basis infect, user can be motivated to rationalize forest use only if they themselves are benefited from improved forest management. Equitable benefit sharing and decision making process are fundamental factors in the sustainable development of community forestry.Item Income Generating Activities of Community Forestry User Groups (A Case Study of Ramite Community Forest User Groups Of Namadi Vdc, Ramechhap District)(Central Department of Rural Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, 2010) Poudel, Shanti PrasadAvailable with full text.Item Income Generating Activities of Community Forestry User Groups A Case Study of Ramdhuni Kali Community Forest User Groups of Harnamadi VDC Makwanpur District(Department of Rural Development,, 2008) Khatiwada, Ishwari PrasadCommunity forestry is a small scale, village level forestry practicewhere decisions and actions are often made on a collective basis, andwhere the rural population participate in planning, establishment,management and harvesting of forest crops and receive a smallproportion of the socio-economic and ecological benefits from the forest. Community forestry was introduced in Nepal in 1978s. Thecommunityforestry approach has been highly successful in the protectionof the forest in the hills of Nepal. The local user groups are responsiblefor the control, protection, and management of the forest. The research is done on the current issue of income generationactivities. Forest as local resources are main resources and also sourceof livelihood of flora, fauna and human beings. This study focuses onincome generation of Ram Dhuni Kali CFUGs of Makwanpur district.The main objective of this study is to investigate on Income GeneratingActivities. However, other specific objectives are; To analyze the socio-economic status of the forest users group. To asses the income generating activities of forest user groups. This study has adopted both the descriptive and exploratoryresearch designs. Out of 310 HHs only 13 percent (40 HHs) had beenselected by purposive sampling. On the process of data collection bothprimary and secondary sources has been used. The above study shows that the resources of CF had changed thesocio-economic status of the local communities as well as the level ofparticipation had been increased rapidly. But for the further work it isrecommended to adopt better trainings, skills, awareness, etc.Item The Lost Sphere and Lost in New Sphere: A Study of Women’s Participation in Community Forestry(Department of Anthropology, 2011) Luitel, PrakashNot AvailableItem Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Community Forests of Dovan, Palpa: Diversity, Population Status and Patterns of Utilization(Department of Botany, 2009) Gubhaju, Munesh RatnaNot AvailableItem Participation of Women in Community Forest Management (A case study of Urleni Community Forest User Group, Harichaur-9, Baglung District)(Department of Rural Development, 2006) Sharma, AnjanaThis study was carried out during May, 2006 at Urleni Community Forest User Group in the Baglung District which was targeted for various activities concerning economic and participation level, which were being regulated through this forest.The specific objectives of the study were following: (i) To access the status of women participation in community forestry. (ii) To identify the factors affecting in participation of women in community forest management. (iii) To recommend to lead the program. Data were collected through primary and secondary sources.The primary data were collected through field visit and secondary data were collected from various official sources and publications. The research design of this study was both descriptive and analytic. Regarding these methods of research,the sampling size was also determined, where 50 respondents were taken as sample from 683 households. To collect the data household survey and interview method were adopted. The collected data were analyzed through tabulation,average, percentage, bar diagrams and pie chart. The limitation of this study focusedin the specific area i.e. Urleni CFUG with limited time framework.It was found in Urleni Community Forest User Group that the women's educational status was lower than male. More than 95% of women were engaged in agricultural occupation. Most of the women are found participating in the activities of community forest. They are keenly interested on doing works of CF.There are 7 female members in the committee of CF among 15 members which is46.66%. There were some encouraging factors i.e. family supports, attendance on the meeting, presentation of logic etc. In spite of encouraging factors to participate women in community forest there were some obstacles viz. family size,education level, occupation, gender discrimination etc. UCFUG are getting the benefits through sufficient firewood and fodder for livestock farming. There are some additional income sources viz. fruits, herbs etc. which are the means of women's additional income.Item People Participation in Community Forestry Programme A Case Study Ranke Community Forestry Programme Pyauly Village Development Committee Bhojpur District, Nepal(Department of Rural Development, 2015) Sapkota, Naba RajNepal is very rich in terms of forest resources and biodiversity. A broad range of ecosystems flourishes in relatively small area of land in Nepal. The forest resources have made a significant contribution to economic and social development of the country. Besides, forests are indispensable as a life support system for people in the Inner Terai, Hills, and Mountains, where agriculture, livestock and vegetation influence the ecology of the area and the livelihood of the local population in Nepal. The general objective of the study was to identify and analyze the people participation in Community Forestry programme around pyauli Bhojpur District of Nepal. Community forestry was introduced in Nepal in 1978. The community forestry approach has been highly successful for conservation of forests in hilly region of Nepal. People are playing an important role in sustainable development of community forests. However, their role is neither properly identified nor explored.The study focuses to the people's participation in community forest programme of rakha Community Forest User Group. To explore the target issues, some general and specific objectives are made. The general objective of the study is to find the people's participation in community forestry programme activities whereas the specific objectives of the study are: • To find out people participation in Ranke community forestry user group's activities. • To find the socio-economic condition of community forest user's in study area. • To find the causes affecting women's participation in community forest management RCFG of Bhojpur district is selected for the present study. The reason for the selection of the site is convenient for the researcher, which is held on the basis of exploratory and descriptive research method. The study is based on primary and secondary data and the nature of data is qualitative. Among the total households, only 114 households are chosen by caste or ethnicity for the study. Respondents were selected for interview and male as well as female were selected according to the convenience for household survey. Key informants collected house hold survey and focus group discussion also used to collect information. According to the field survey, Female literacy rate is 56.94 percent and only 32.41 percent household heads are female. In forest resource collection, females involvement in firewood collection is 53.25 percent, in grass cutting is 64.07 percent and low participation in timber cutting and collection because hired workers also has been used. Participation in grass and firewood collection of female is higher man the rest. Participation of Females in general meeting of RCFG is only 26.21 percent and participation of males 73.79 percent. Participation of female in attending meeting was like audience is high. Taking part actively in general meeting, sharing in decision-making and discussion is very low. Women involvement and the government policy minimum 1/3 of the committee members must be female but in RCFG committee there are just 2 female members among 15 members of the total committee. According to the field study, there are so many obstacles for peoples participation in community forest activities, such as; traditional concept about programme, dominated culture, household work load, lack of knowledge about community forestry, poor economic condition, lack of permission to attend meeting, lack of empowerment, feeling of women needless to participate in public concern, less chance to view for women in every sector of development activities, illiteracy etc.Item People's Livelihood and Community Forestry: An Anthropological Study of Padali and Mahila Hariyali Community Forest of Lalitpur, District, Nepal(Department of Anthropology, 2012) Poudyal, SanjivNot availableItem People's Participation in Community Forest Management A Case Study of Shree Ashwara Community Forest- Tulsipur-11 Ashwara, Dang(Department of Rural Development, 2009) Roka, Dhani RamThe Community Forestry Programme in Nepal officially started in the late 1970s. Since then concerning movement has been evolving to involve local communities in the management and utilization of forests. The policy of the government was originally intended to meet the basic forest products required by the communities through active participation in forest development and management. Later, it was expanded to include the mobilization and empowerment of the members of CFUGs in the development of their local communities. Under community forest program 1.6 million hectares of forestland have been handed over to community, up to 14,000 user groups, representing 1.2 million households in 2007. It was observed that the trend of forest degradation has decreased since the handing over of national forests to local communities, but a number of unintended social anomalies have also cropped up. Such anomalies essentially constitute of the inequality and unfairness in the local and national level and in terms of long-term sustainability of forest resources. The status of women’s participation in implementation process was high while the rate of participation of ordinary women in monitoring and evaluation process and participation in general assemblies was not found satisfactory. Usually, social activities conducted by CFUG were found to have benefited equally to both sexes. Women member of the CFUG had not got opportunity to participate in training and study tours. This study attempts to identify various issues of community forestry, especially focusing on women’s participation in community forestry. It calls for rethinking the CFP in order to face the present days challenges of linking CF with affecting factors in people’s participation, livelihood promotion, good governance and sustainable forest management. It also lays out strategies for reforms in CF.
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