Browsing by Subject "Conflicts"
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Item Analysis of Paul Morel’s Conflicts in D.H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers(Department of English Education, 2023) Pandit, ShambhulalAvailable with full textItem Human-Elephant Conflict In The Adjoining Areas Of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Eastern Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2021-08) Tiwari, AmbikaHuman-Elephant Conflict (HEC) has worsened in the past decade and has had its influence till now. There has been a significant increase in human-elephant conflict for land and resources, which has important implications for their respective distributions. This study aims to explore the elephant occurrence, pattern, causes, and impact of human elephant conflict on humans and also explore the relationship of HEC with farming practice using a questionnaire and sign survey. The pattern of human-elephant conflict was analyzed using the secondary data reported to Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve from 2017 to 2019. During three years of study period a total of 1,119 incidents of human-elephant conflict was recorded. Overall nineteen signs of elephant were reported during the study period out of which seventeen new footprints and two fresh dung were recorded which revealed the occurrence of wild elephants near water bodies and agricultural field. Elephant behaviour and inadequacy of preventive measures were the foremost reasons for conflict. Variables such as nearest forest and water sources showed a significant association between conflicts. This study reported seventy-four incidents of crop damage, fifty-eight incidents of property damage, and only a case of human casualty during three years. Total economic loss from crop damage was US$ 80.850 per household (HH) and property damage was US$ 81.296 per household (HH) in three years. Traditional farming practice such as paddy, maize, wheat increases the higher chances of elephant attacks. This study has also shown that crop damage is most intense in November at night whereas property damage and human casualties were peak on January. Moreover, Kusaha- Lauki and Prakashpur Buffer Zone User Committees were very much affected by conflict. Hence, understanding the ecological behavior of elephants and reducing the human interference inside the reserve would be the most useful method to reduce conflict.Item The Politics of Autobiography in Sarah Kane’s 4.48 Psychosis and Phaedra’s Love(Department of English, 2015) Bhandari, RitaThis research closely examines Sarah Kane’s 4.48 Psychosis and Phaedra’s Love as autobiographical plays that are based on Kane’s own life experience. It tries to explore Kane’s motive behind the inclusion of autobiographical elements in these plays. Her plays represent the condition of women in patriarchal society. Applying the theory of autobiography the researcher attempts to analyze the politics behind the use of Kane’s own life story as a subject matter. In this plays she represents her as the representative of other females. In these plays Kane expresses her personal matters about her mental state, feelings and desires which should are supposed to remain secret with her. In fact, she wants to encourage those women who feel hesitant to express their feelings with others. In the same way she feels some relief by confessing her every feeling because sharing is best medium to reduce own’s suffering. Similarly, in these plays, Kane shows the conflict between life force and death force. In fact, this is not only the condition of Sarah Kane’s life but this is the condition of everybody. In this way, the concept of the eros and thanatos in these two plays become personal as well as political. Hence, this project explores into Sarah Kane’s play 4.48 Psychosis and Phaedra’s Love as an amalgam of personal and political motives.Item Socio Economic Structure and Conflict in Nepal(Department of Rural Development, 2006) Paudel, NabinNepal is situated in South Asian region having multi- religious, multi-ethnic, multi-linguistic and multi-cultural people. Anthropologically, the ethnic groups belong to Aryans, Monglos, Dravidians and Aaustroloids. Nepal is facing basic problems of corruption in revenue collection and administration, political upheavals, instability of the government and also disparity in distribution of economic opportunities. The research work entitled "Socio Economic Structure and Conflict in Nepal" has been done as a case study. The study analyzes the causes of conflicts and socio- economic impact of conflict between the periods of 2052-2062. The researcher has used field survey method and primary data have been collected through interview, schedule press conference, INSEC, CWIN, Nepal Army, Police, DFID, NHRC etc. The collected data have been analyzed by using simple statistical methods. Nepalese people have always suffered in the politics from autocratic activities of the kings, Ranas and political party members. The Royal power always played vital role for making the people puppet. The Maoist insurgency in Nepal in the beginning that started in 1996, from the western mountain districts of Rolpa, Rukum and Jajarkot has spread its activities and influenced almost all the 75 districts by 2005. The discriminating provisions in the constitution and other laws, crisis of commitment and weaknesses of the political leadership and dishonesty among the political leaders, lack of fair and proportional representation in parties, frustration among the general people with the behaviors of the security forces during operations, fragmentation and party splitting culture, politicization and failure of educational system, territorial and international border issues aggravated the insurgency. These points and issues were raised in the 40/42 points demand put forward by the CPN (Maoist). Conflicts have had various kinds of impact on human civilization because of the diverse nature of war, insurgency, and terrorism of guerrilla warfare. Conflicts arose the name of religion of different tribes for the territorial expansion of ambitious kings and the military as well as politically strong armies. The Informal Sector Service Centre (INSEC) reports that, altogether 13, 259 people were killed during 11 years of Maoist insurgency and counter insurgency. About 3,011 cases of robbery and approximately Rs. 22, 185 in lakhs (cash and kind) were looted. During the Maoist insurgency and counter insurgency more than 8,338 Maoist insurgents are believed to have died. Similarly, the Nepal Army has lost more than 905 men and approximately 1,162 soldiers were wounded. Nepal Police lost almost 1,480 men and more than 2,143 policemen were wounded. The outcome of the conflict has both positive and negative impacts on the development and progress of human civilization. Awareness of Human rights equality, fraternity and democracy can be regarded as positive impacts whereas political instability, economic degradation, destruction of infrastructures, threat to human life are combined as negative impacts. Conflict created political instability; frequent "bandhas" and strikes have affected industry, tourism, education and economy of the country and all other sectors. We can finally enumerate the causes of conflict and its solution social economical, social, geographical, psychological, international causes, which helped to raise the recent conflict in Nepal. We should restructure and bring in amendment the socio-economy system and constitution for the sustainable development of the country.Item Studies on Ethnomedicinal Uses Along with Conflict on Benefit Sharing of Swertia Chirayita (Roxb.Ex.Fleming) H. Karst; A Case Study in Pokharathok,Arghakhanchi and Phytochemical Screening of Some Species of Swertia(Department of Botany, 2007) Baral, DineshThe ethnomedicinal uses of Swertia chirayita and benefit sharing on trading were carried out. Most of the people of Pokharathok were using whole plant of S. chirayita for medicinal purpose while some were involved in using root and leaf. They used Swertia chirayita mainly in Typhoid, tonic and gastritis. It was found unequal benefit sharing i.e. 1:2: 4 among collectors, middleman and traders. The phytochemical screening of S. ciliata, S. nervosa, S. angustifolia and S. chirayita (Family: Gentianaceae) was carried out. Two compounds Methyl swertianine and bellidifolin were isolated. Methyl swertianine was identified by comparing with authentic sample using Thin layer chromatogram and bellidifolin was also identified on the basis of NMR, COSY, HMBC, and HMQC spectra.Item Wild boar (Sus Scrofa Linnaeus,1758) and park-people conflicts in Thanapati VDC, Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Nuwakot, Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2011) Pandey, PramodThe study of park people conflict was conducted in Thanapati VDC of Nuwakot district, located adjacent to north-western side of Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park. The whole VDC was represented the study area. The area was seriously affected by wild boar and other wildlife. The problems are increasing year by year. The research aimed to identify the level of conflict between local people and wildlife carried out in 2009/10. The survey was done in 121 households by both questionnaire and NAD method to assess crop and livestock depredation by wildlife for the year 2009-2010. Crop damage amounting 101152.94 kg was found due to wildlife in the study area. The study estimated economic loss of crop was RS. 1803982.68 of which 11.05% to paddy, 3.45% to wheat, 20.38% to maize, 5.20% to millet, 4.22% to mustard and 55.70% to potato. The economic loss was Rs. 14908.95 per household on an average. As wild boar was a serious pest species of crop, 32.07% followed by porcupine (17.56%), rats (14.15%), monkey (13.42%), deer (12.89%), bear (5.87%) and birds (4.04%). The total economic loss of livestock and avian stock was Rs. 293400 in Thanapati VDC and average loss was Rs. 2446.44 per household. Traditional preventive measures include machan, fence and various types of scaring devices, which are partially successful to chase wild animals. The conflict between the park and the local people arose by the both sides. Key Works: Wild boars, depredation, crops, conflicts and local people