Browsing by Subject "Consciousness"
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Item Ambivalent Self-Reflective Identity in Milan Kundera’s Identity(Department of English, 2023) Upadhyay, JagdishThis research work examines ambivalent self-reflective identity in Milan Kundera’s Identity in the light of Identity Process Theory by Glynis Blackwell and fundamental categories of being by Jean-Paul Sartre. The novel revolves around the story of two characters: Chantal and Jean-Marc, in which the tension emerges when Chantal expresses her dissatisfaction with the growing disinterestedness of men towards her. Jean after being aware of her insecurity, thoughts to resolve it but happen to fill their relationship with turbulence. Therefore, this research work focuses on two specific questions: why does the novel present characters like Chantal, the protagonist, and her beloved, Jean-Marc who try to represent themselves more than what they are or what they are not? And why do characters go through social circumstances that consistently alter their identity? Focusing on these two significant characters of the novel, the paper argues Milan Kundera, in the novel, tries to debunk the conventional notion of multiple identities highlighting the significance of the process of identity formation. Kundera’s characters are the replica of human society and their behavior is the vehement projection of the ambivalent reality they experience. Foreshadowing the interference of human psychology in identity formation, the novel portrays the significance of existential social reality that demands consciousness to relegate one to the social sphere. Therefore, the work claims that the novel strives to present the ambivalent self-reflective identity of an individual in a societal discourse where circumstances demand consciousness to overcome their problem. Moreover, it stresses, identity though it is not constant, is always on the verge of transition that comes with a new fabric over time. Keywords: Ambivalent, identity, consciousness, being, reflectivityItem Center of Consciousness: A Study of Narrative Strategy in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go(Department of English, 2018) Pariyar, Pratikshya SewaThis thesis explores the center of consciousness, a study of narrative technique in Never Let Me Go, a novel written by Kazuo Ishiguro. It portrays the complexity that exists in the life of human clones. One of the major characters, Kathy is presented as focalizer, the center of consciousness through whose perspective the events, thoughts and feelings are brought into focus. She narrates those events to the readers which she has experienced herself. Therefore, the characters and events are presented as they are perceived or understood by her. All theinformation that is presented in the narrative reflects the subjective perception of Kathy. So, there is the lack of omniscient voice. The narrative is expressed through the perspective of the fixed internal focalizer. The narrator accepts the fact of human cloning which contradicts to the author so he uses unreliable narrator in the text. It reflects the gap between author’s intention and narrator’s perception.This paper has studiedthe novel in the light of Genettean notion of focalization, a perspective through which a narrative is presented to the audiences. Similarly the concepts of focalization by Rimmon Kenan,Mieke Bal and Seymour Chatman are applied in the text. The study also reveals that the readers should be self conscious to understand the actualtruth becausethere is the distance between author and narrator.The author does not glorify human cloning as the narrator does. So heuses unreliable narrator in the text to presentthe narrative ironically.Item Charles Johnson’s Middle Passage as a Document of Subaltern Consciousness(Department of English, 2010) Ghimire, Rishi RajCharles Johnson’s Middle Passage is a classical slave narrative. By re-writing the slave narrative that looks like truth, the novel is drawn from the real image of nineteenth century. Through the experience of the protagonist Rutherford Calhoun, the novel deliberately presents the political idea about slavery, freedom, disillusionment, consciousness and the contemporary status of African American people. By inserting the imagination of history of nineteenth century that looks like truth, Johnson presents the novel as a document of subaltern consciousness. Johnson uses subaltern studies as a narrative tool to focus on consciousness gained by the Allmuseri tribe. Allmuseri are the minor group that lacks the unity of being. They are the community of black people in America. They are in search of their identity, history and freedom. Through historical imagination, Johnson presents his aspects of rebellion against the mainstream status quo, by building consciousness of the marginalized subaltern group.Item Ethos of Eco-feminist Consciousness in D.H. Lawrence’sLady Chatterley’s Lover(Department of English, 2021) Darai, SandhyaThis research work explores the interconnection between nature and women in Lawrence’sLady Chatterley’s Lover to understand how they are interlinked to each other in relation to the theoretical insight of ecofeminism. The concern to the nature- woman interrelationship and the way of treating nature and women in man superior industrialized society make the need for this research. As nature and women are the victims of patriarchal social structure, they face common suppression and oppression as a result of patriarchal thoughts. The nature-women relationship has been over looked in the light of eco-feministperspective: at heory that searches common ground of nature and women in patriarchal society. The research method consists theoretical in sightof relevant eco-feminists like Susan Griffin, Carolyn Merchant, Val Plumwood and others scholarly journals. The findings from this research show that modern men are unable to hear woe from nature. Man could not connect with nature the way woman can relate with their sorrow and unheard voice and that is because nature and women both share victimized position in society. The significance of such a bonding between nature and women helps to understand that they are interlinked as an important entity by sharing some common values. The conclusion of this research is that the environmental and feminist issues are equal at present.This can be well addressed by foregrounding the multiple voices of eco-feminist theorists who focus on the concern of nature-women interrelationship. Keywords: Interconnection,Consciousness,Natural World, Domination, Ecofeminism, Patriarchy.Item Female Consciousness in Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon(Faculty of English, 2010) Trital, Tek RajNot AvailableItem Gender Consciousness in Jane Smiley's A Thousand Acres(Department of English, 2012) Pandey, ShardaJane Smiley'sA Thousand Acresattempts to explore the rebellious consciousness of subaltern people. Ginny, the central character of this novel is the representative of subaltern people. From the beginning of this novel she is dominated and exploited in a very inhuman manner from her own father and her own husband as well. But when she became conscious about the sense of domination, she starts to explore her rebellious nature. Larry Cook, who is the father of Ginny, represents the bourgeois power holder and tries to dominate over the rest of the members of that family. Ginny, Rose and Caroline (based on Shakespeare's Goneril, Regan, and Cordelia fromKing Lear) are the three daughters of Larry, who are physically and mentally exploited by her own father. It is because of that exploitation, the daughters are compelled to raise their voice against their own father. The unbearable and inhuman nature of Larry leads his own daughters to resist to their own dominating father. The cooking and eating habits of Mid-westerner also shows the subaltern nature. Larry represents the role of oppressor, whereas Ginny represents the role of oppressed. The power holder always dominates the subaltern but the subaltern people resist against them.Item Politico-cultural Consciousness in Mahasweta Devi's The Glory of Sri Sri Ganesh(Department of English, 2022) B.K., PradeepThis research explores the oppressive politico-cultural practices and consciousness of lower caste to oppose it in Mahasweta Devi's The Glory of Sri Sri Ganesh (2003). As a renowned Bengali writer for marginal, Devi often reflects oppression of the elite and resistance of the oppressed people. As this notion, Devi has portrayed a harsh reality of then Hindu feudal society in which lower caste and class people face extreme exploitation of upper caste landlords. Characters from lower caste like Lachhima, Rukmani, Haroa, Dusad and Bhangi are living in the miserable condition with little or no property in the oppressive Hindu society, the Barha village. Finally,they jointly struggle against domination of the potent and authoritarian Hindu feudal ruling system after they perceive their socio-economic conditionand exploitation of the upper caste landlords, especially Ganesh Singh. For this idea, this research applies B.R. Ambedkar's Annihilation of Casteand ideas of Educate, Agitate, and Organize. Overall, the idea related with the caste consciousness and resistance has been framed as the theoretical insights. Key Words: Exploitation, Politico-cultural, Consciousness,Caste, ResistanceItem Politico-cultural Consciousness in Mahasweta Devi's The Glory of Sri Sri Ganesh(Department of English, 2022) B.K., PradeepThis research explores the oppressive politico-cultural practices and consciousness of lower caste to oppose it in Mahasweta Devi's The Glory of Sri Sri Ganesh (2003). As a renowned Bengali writer for marginal, Devi often reflects oppression of the elite and resistance of the oppressed people. As this notion, Devi has portrayed a harsh reality of then Hindu feudal society in which lower caste and class people face extreme exploitation of upper caste landlords. Characters from lower caste like Lachhima, Rukmani, Haroa, Dusad and Bhangi are living in the miserable condition with little or no property in the oppressive Hindu society, the Barha village. Finally, they jointly struggle against domination of the potent and authoritarian Hindu feudal ruling system after they perceive their socio-economic condition and exploitation of the upper caste landlords, especially Ganesh Singh. For this idea, this research applies B.R. Ambedkar's Annihilation of Caste and ideas of Educate, Agitate, and Organize. Overall, the idea related with the caste consciousness and resistance has been framed as the theoretical insights. Key Words: Exploitation, Politico-cultural, Consciousness, Caste, ResistanceItem Reassertion of Gay Identity in Christopher Isherwood’s A Single Man(Department of English, 2022) Dhital, MohanThis paperhighlights the tension of competing forces of continuing repression and explore the richness and heterogeneity of the gay identityin Christopher Isherwood’sA SingleMan(1964). The protagonist is lonely and embarrassed regarding his temporary homosexual relationship with his roommate.He consciously presentscontradictory ideas about his own sexualgayidentityexploring heterogeneityby identifying the problems and feeling of isolated homosexuals. In response to his claim ofreassertionregarding his identity, the present paperattempts the text from the perspective of Henri Tajfel and JohnC. Turner’s Social Identity Theory and Judith Butler’s Queer Theory based on Performativity.Social Identity Theoryadvocatesa person’s sense of who he or she is based on his or her group recognitionand identity. Butler’s Performativity states gender is socially constructed through common places,speech acts and non-verbal communication that are performative, in that they serveto define and maintain identities. The research discovershowprotagonist is forced to come to terms with his identity, a process more complicated than simply coming out of the world.Through the reading of novel from abovementionedperspectives, the researcher concludes that homosexualsstill lack conventional resolution toreveal theiractualidentity in society. Keywords: homosexual, contradictory, consciousness, performativity, identityItem Representation of the Interwar British Society in Kazuo Ishiguro‟s The Remains of the Day(Department of English, 2023) Karkee, PragatiThis thesis analyzes the impact of dominant cultural practices in the interwar British society in Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day by. In doing so, it examines the socio-economic landscape of the period, where fading aristocracy shapes the lives of its characters, including that of the protagonist Stevens. The research also studies the mysterious elements in the novel, such as the opulent but decaying Darlington Hall and the regretful recollections of the past that symbolize the touchable remnants of British society's past. Applying Raymond Williams’s theoretical methodology called cultural materialism, this research explores how material conditions influence cultural values and behaviors. The protagonist Stevens, a dedicated butler, exemplifies the class-consciousness prevalent in the interwar Britain. His unwavering commitment to serving his aristocratic employer, Lord Darlington, reflects the material dependence of the working class on the ruling class people for employment and social status. The sacrifices he makes, including repressing personal desires, illuminate how the material constraints of the time shape individual choices and perpetuate the existing power structures. Keywords: dominant, culture, material, consciousness, power, aristocracy marginalized section of the society, emergent, residual.Item Resistance of the Gender Subaltern in Bina Theeng’s Yambunera(Department of English, 2023) Tamang, Binda MayaThis research examines the resistance of female characters in Bina Theeng's collection of short stories,Yambunera, from the perspective of gender subalternity. The stories by Theeng portray realistic depictions of women and their struggles, particularly the resistance of women from the Tamang communities around the Kathmandu Valley. To analyze the gender subalternity and resistance of women characters in Theeng's selected stories, the researcher draws theoretical insights from Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s "Can the Subaltern Speak?", focusing on the Tamang women characters within their own communities surrounding Yambu (Kathmandu). The research concludes that despite hardships imposed by state authorities, Tamang women of rural areas around Kathmandu Valley sustain their livelihood by producing local liquor (Raksi) and practicing agri-animal farming. However, their resistance to authorities like Nepal police, Nepal army, and power authorities is meticulously presented to voice themarginalized communities. In this respect, Tamang women’s resistance to the hegemonic power is made visible by preserving their traditional culture and letting them speak out against social injustice. Keywords: Subalternity, Gender role, Consciousness, Resistance, Tamang women