Browsing by Subject "Crop damage"
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Item Assessment of crop raiding by wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2023) Gharti Magar, YamunaHuman-wildlife conflict arises when human and wildlife species come under the same niche leading to competition for available natural resources. The conflict increases particularly near the protected areas. The conflict between human and wildlife is closely linked to the economics, social welfare and resource availability. This study envisaged to access the crop damage by Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and its effects on the livelihood of local people in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve (DHR). Direct field measurements on the damaged area from Wild Boar, a questionnaire survey to the local people and key informant interviews were used for data collection during August 9 to September 9, 2022. A total 268 households were selected for questionnaire survey. Wild Boar was the major crop raider, and Potato (Solanum tuberosum) was the major crop loss. The yearly loss is 8.59% (98568.38 kg) of Potato and 5.75% (4110.62 kg) of Oat (Avena sativa) of total production. Total average annual economic loss in DHR was NRs. 62113.39 (USD 472.27) per household including Potato and Oat. Majority of local people had negative attitude towards wildlife conservation. Commonly shouting, scaring by biting tin boxes, guarding and releasing dog, stone wall and wooden bar were the main preventive measures applied by local people in DHR, which are not effective. So, this study suggest that to minimize the crop loss form Wild Boar, adapting alternative crop like hot pepper, using repellents (chemical sprays and natural deterrents), regulate hunting and proper relief funds might be helpful.Item Crop and Property Damage by Asian Elephant in Dhanusha District, Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2023) Dawadi, PabitraAvailable with full textItem Crop Depredation by Small Mammals: A Case Study of Porcupine (Hystrix Indica) in Shivapuri National Park(Central Department of Zoology, 2011) Kaway, ChandesworiThis study of crop depredation by porcupine was done from April to October 2009 in Shivapuri National Park and its adjoining VDCs including Sangla, Samundradevi and Sundarijal. The main objective of this study was to explore the damages of crops by porcupine in Shivapuri National Park as well as to investigate the distribution and habitat of the porcupine. Methods of this study included reconnaissance survey, field survey and questionnaire surveys. The study area was divided into three sites to investigate the distribution and habitat of porcupine. Distribution was investigated using indirect evidence such as the presence of quills, foot prints and burrows in three sites of the study area. Distribution of porcupines was significantly different in three sites (χ² =18.51> χ² p=0.05,df=2). The mostly preferred crops of porcupines were maize and potatoes while mustard and paddy were not so preferred food by them. Porcupines were found in a wide range of habitats including rocky hills (34.54%), bushy area (23.64%), steep slope (10.91%) and nearby agricultural lands (14.54%). Although they were found in wide range of habitats, they mostly preferred rocky hills, less slope and undisturbed area with availability of food. The chi- square test showed that they were uniformly found in all types of habitats (χ² =9.36 > χ² p=0.05, df=4). From the questionnaire survey total crop loss by porcupine in the study areas was 7320.37kg. Among the crop loss, rooted crop loss was the highest (60.18%), followed by maize (34.94%), millet (3.47%) and wheat (1.3%). The F- test showed that there was no significant difference between crop losses in the three sites. Total economic loss due to crop depredation by porcupine was Rs. 191639.06 per annum and Rs. 4077.43 per household based on 47 household surveys. The highest economic loss was at Samundradevi followed by Sundarijal and Sangla. Based on this study, further scientific research on distribution, population status and food habits of the porcupines are necessary to reduce crop depredation by porcupines.Item Human-Wildlife Conflict in Shukla Phanta National Park (A Case Study of Piperiya, Bankatti and Nimbhukheda Wards of Bheemdatta Municipality, Kanchanpur District, Nepal)(Department of Zoology, 2018) Pant, Krishna NandThe success of conserving biological resources in protected areas depends on the extent of support, positive attitudes and perceptions of local people towards their establishments. Crop yield losses and livestock depredation were the major problems observed in most wards of Shukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve. The study aimed at exploring the humanwildlife conflict in terms of crop damage, livestock depredation, human causalities, it assessed the wildlife conservation perception and tolerance level of the local people to losses caused by the wild animals and management of human-wildlife conflict. The present study was conducted in Piperiya, Bhankatti and Nimbhukheda wards of bufferzone around the SNP. . The survey was done in 160 households by questionnaire method from Jan. 2016 to Jan. 2017. The total value of crop yield losses due to wildlife damage for Wards located in the study area is about NRs. 17,55,365(16104.24US$) during one year period. Comparatively, Piperiya (ward no.13) were most destructed than Bankatti and Nimbhukheda. The paddy and wheat crops were suffered maximum damage contributed tothe total loss. Major wildlife agents responsible for crop damage were wild boar Elephant, spotted deer as followed by Jackal and hares. The average livestock holding 95.6% of per household. The total value of livestock losses at prevailing market rates is about NRs.8,3000 (7614.67US$) in the study area annually. Five people were injured in wild animals attacked among them one person was killed by wild boar and four person were wounded by Elephant during this year. The perceptionrelative to wildlife conservation was negative and people could tolerate the loss of livestock to some extent but not human loss or causalities. The main animals for livestock were leopard, Jackal, and for human causalities animal responsible were wild boar and Elephant.Park animals visit crop land due to inadequate amount of food in the protected area, tastes of agricultural crops, lack of good and effective barriers. Park is affected by allowing the feral cattle and domesticated buffalo inside the reserve, herb and grass collection and fishing. Threating,electric fencing, making thorny dog watchingand keeping cow headsare preventing methods used by local people and those are partially effective. Construction oftrenches,maintenance of barbed wire fence,promotion of agro-forestry,fair and quick disbursement of compensation for losses and community Forestry programme, habitat conservation and change in crop plantation was recommended only an alternative that would mitigate this conflict.Item Wildlife-People Conflict: Assessment of Cropdepredationby Wild life around Barandabhar Corridor Forest(Department of Zoology, 2006) Dhakal, Khagendra PrasadChitwan National Park (CNP), first national park established in 1973 and enlisted as worldheritage site in 1984, covers an area of 932 square km and is located in the southern Terai ofNepal. Crop loss due to wild animals has created serious problem in all parts adjoiningagricultural lands of the national parks and forest areas in Nepal. Four basic causes of conflict inthe areaare loss of human life, livestockdepredationand crops damage by wild animals, andnatural resources consumption / sharing practices.Since BCF is amalgamated with Mahabharatrange and RCNP, its function to act as a biological corridor between these two biologicallypotential areas is crucial. This study was carried out from April 2004 to May 2005: to assess the problems attributed to cropdamage and estimate the monetary value of crop loss by wild animals in the adjoining areas ofBCF. Random questionnaire survey was done in 441 households within the distance of one kmfrom the forest boarder. Extent of damage inpaddy,mustard, lentil, maize, and vegetables fieldwas taken by interviewing the local people (GAD) as well as the visits of damage field (NAD).Analysis was based on descriptive statistics aided with MS Excel and SPSS software. NAD estimation showed a heavy economic loss of total worth NRs. 1779579.92 for 2004/2005production year. NAD estimation was found to be 1.5 times less than the GAD estimation. Therewas more damage in the eastern part (NRs. 275796.29) than in western part (NRs. 751891.71).The average crop loss per household per annum was NRs. 6244.14. Highest loss occurred topaddy (29.37%) followed by vegetables (27.77%), maize (17.55%), mustard (11.24%), lentil(11.23%) and wheat (2.88%). Comparatively, highest damage occurred in Zone I followed byZone IV, II and III respectively. Of the wild animals, rhinoceros was the number one crop-raidinganimal followed by wild boar, deer, parakeets and elephant. Crop preferences of wild animalsvaried in different growing stages and loss varied with the distance from the forest. The main source of conflict is crop damage and human harassment due to wild animals. Pressureof crop damage made it very difficult to live a substantial life for poor people and creates conflictbetween local people and wildlife. Other sources of conflict include increasing fuel wood andfodder demand, cattle grazing, fishing, poaching, forest fire and illegal hunting. Traditionalmeasures related to crop protection, adopted by farmers, include Machan guarding, deterringcrop-raiding animals by shouting and clapping, noise making by beating the canisters and firesticks. Based on the present study, biological, physical and socio-economic measures are recommendedto halt further depredation of crop and alleviate the wildlife-people conflict attributed to cropdamage problem. Key words: Biodiversity, eco-tourism, agroforestry, crop damage, buffer zone, communityforestry, ethnic value, and socio-economy.