Browsing by Subject "Cultural terms"
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Item Degrees of equivalence: A case of novel ' Shirish ko Phool'(Department of English Education, 2016) Dahal, JivanThis present research study entitled “Degrees of Equivalence: A Case of Novel Shirish Ko Phool” has been conducted to explore the degrees of equivalence between two versions of cultural terms, their frequency and the techniques of translation and contribution of techniques in degrees of equivalence. The sources of data were both versions of the novel ‘Shirish Ko Phool’. To fulfil the objectives, the researcher underlined 200 cultural words and selected 50 terms out of them using stratified random sampling procedure; 10 terms in each cultural categories; ecology, material culture, social and organizational culture, religious culture and conceptual terms. Observation was used as the main tool for the research. The researcher categorised, analysed and interpreted the data with the help of ‘Brihat Nepali Sabdakosh’ published by Shajha Publication, Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary published by OUP and Nepali-English Dictionary published by Ekta Publication Nepal. Six degrees of equivalence were found between SLT and TLT. Among them, optimum degree of equivalence was the most frequent one which covered 36 per cent, whereas poor and mistranslations were the least frequent ones covering 6 per cent each. Similarly, nine techniques of translation were used. Literal translation was the technique mostly used i.e. it covered 36 per cent. On the other hand, couplet, back translation, definition and deletion were the least used technique of translation covering 2 per cent each. In similar vein, literal translation was found to constitute the highest percentage of optimum degree of equivalence i.e. 77.77 per cent. The major finding of this research is that to obtain optimum degree of equivalence, the translator used literal translation as a technique as much as possible. This thesis has five chapters. Chapter one sets the background of the study; chapter two reviews the literature; chapter three introduces the methodologies; chapter four discusses the data and findings and chapter five concludes and recommends. References and appendices constitute the final section of this research.Item Gaps Found and Techniques Used in Translation of Cultural Terms: A Case of Novel Lolita(Department of English Education, 2017) G.C., BasantThe research work entitled Gaps Found and Techniques Used in Translation of Cultural Terms: A Case of Novel Lolita is an attempt to identify the English cultural terms in novel Lolita and their equivalents in Nepali translation and to find out the cultural gaps and techniques in translation of novel Lolita. The study followed survey research design. The data were collected from the secondary sources. Hundred cultural terms were selected from the novel by adopting purposive non-random sampling procedure. The tool for data collection was observation. In the process o translation, linguistic and cultural gaps are found. The major finding of the study was that seven different techniques: literal translation (44%), borrowing (32%), substitution (12%), definition (5%), claque (3%), deletion (3%) and addition (1%) were found in use while translating the cultural terms. Out of them, literal translation was the mostly used technique and addition was the least used technique while translating the cultural terms from SL to TL. Deletion technique was not good in translation and it should be minimized as far as possible because it creates gaps in translation. This study consists of five chapters. The first chapter deals with general background, statements of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. The second chapter deals with the review of theoretical and empirical literature and conceptual framework of the study. Likewise, the third chapter deals with the methodology adopted for the study, design of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy of the study, research tools sources of data, data collection procedure and data analysis and interpretation procedure of the study. The fourth chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the collected data descriptively and using simple statistical tool i.e. percentage. Similarly, the fifth chapter deals with the findings based on the analysis and interpretation of the data, conclusion derived from the findings and recommendations. This chapter is followed by references and appendices.Item Techniques and Gaps in Translation of Cultural Terms: A Case of Autobiography Jeeban Kada ki Phool(Department of English Education, 2019) Angdembe, KaushilaThe study work entitled Techniques and Gaps in Translation of cultural Terms: A case of autobiography Jeeban Kada ki Phool was an attempt to identify the Nepali cultural terms of the autobiography to find out the techniques employed in the translation process of these terms in the TL Text and to point out gaps created in the process of translating the text from SL to TL text. This study was carried out by adopting the survay reaearch design. Data were collected from the secondary source autobiography of both the versions (Nepali and English) by using purposive non-random sampling procedure. Data were analyzed and interpreted descriptively. For the study, I selected 200 cultural terms from source text. Those terms were categorized into five categories like: ecology, man-made culture, social culture, religious culture and conceptual terms for example: godabari, kitab, polta, dashain, dhrap etc. Finding of the study shows that there were nine different translation techniques were found to have been employed to translate the text from SL into TL text. They are literal translation, borrowing, substitution, definition, elaboration, claque, deletion, blending and sense translation. Among the different techniques literal translation technique was the most frequently used (i.e. 37%) and claque and blending (i.e. 3%) techniques were used the least technique. This study consist five chapters. The first chapter deals with background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitation of the study and operational definition of the key terms. The second chapter deals with the review of the theoretical and empirical literature, implication of the review of the study and conceptual framework of the study. The thirds chapter deals with design and methods of study, population, sample and sampling, strategies, data collection tool and techniques, source of data, data collection procedure, data analysis and interpretation and ethical consideration. Fourth chapter present the analysis and interpretation of the data. Similarly, fifth chapter includes the findings, conclusion and recommendation of the study. This chapter is followed by the references and appendicesItem Techniques and Gaps in Translation of Cultural Terms: A Case of Khalanga Ma Hamala(Department of English Education, 2018) Sah, Jugal KishorThe research work entitled Techniques and Gaps in Translation of Cultural Terms: A Case of' Khalanga Ma Hamala' is an attempt to identify the English cultural terms in the text and their equivalents in Nepali translation and to find out the techniques used in translation of the text 'Khalanga Ma Hamala'. The study followed survey research design. The data were collected from the secondary sources. One hundred cultural terms were selected from the text by adopting purposive non random sampling procedure. The tool for data collection was observation and checklist. The major finding of the study was that eight different techniques: literal translation, sense translation, substitution, definition, addition, deletion, claque and blending were employed while translating the cultural terms. Out of them, literal translation technique was the most used techniques and blending was the least used technique while translating the cultural terms from SL to TL. Similarly, explanation and notes highly supported in translation to maintain the original flavor of the ST. The study consists of five chapters. The first chapter deals with general background, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. The second chapter deals with the review of theoretical and empirical literature and conceptual framework of the study. Likewise, the third chapter deals with the methodology adopted for the study, design of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy of the study, research tools, sources of data, data collection procedure and data analysis and interpretation procedure of the study. The fourth chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the collected data descriptively and using simple statistical tool i.e. percentage. Similarly, the fifth chapter deals with the findings based on the analysis and interpretation of the data, conclusion derived from the findings and recommendations. This chapter is followed by references and appendices.Item The techniques and gaps in translation of cultural terms: A case of the drama "Romeo and Juliet"(Department of English Education, 2011) Bhujel, Sushila KumariThis research work entitled “The Techniques and Gaps in Translation of Cultural Terms: A Case of the Drama “Romeo and Juliet” has been carried out to find the techniques of translation of cultural words. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the techniques of translation of cultural words and to find out the gaps. In this research work secondary source of data were collected from both English and Nepali versions of the drama “Romeo and Juliet”. The data consists of two hundred cultural terms and these terms are categorized into five categories. Findings of this study show that ten different techniques are found to have been employed in translating cultural words of the drama. There are many instances of use of non corresponding meaning components, which lead gaps in translation. So the meaning gaps exist between the SL terms and TL terms. This thesis comprises four chapters; introduction, methodology, analysis and interpretation and findings and recommendations. Chapter one deals with general background of the topic, review of the related literature, objectives of the study and significance of the study. Chapter two deals with methodology adopted for the study under which the sources of data collection, process of data collection and limitations of the study are incorporated. Chapter three deals with the analysis and interpretation of the data. Chapter four deals with the major findings of the study on the basis of the analysis and interpretation of the collected data. It also deals with some recommendations and references are included in the final part of this study.Item The techniques employed in bridging gaps in translation of cultural terms: A case of Gurkha's Daughter(Department of English Education, 2017) G.C., BhanuThe present work entitled The Techniques Employed in Bridging Gaps in Translation of Cultural Terms: A Case of Gurkha's Daughter has been carried out to find the techniques and frequency of those techniques of translation of cultural terms. The main purpose of this study was to identify and categorize the basic features of cultural elements and point out the techniques and their frequencies .This study was based on the survey research design. The study is solely based on the secondary source of data and data were collected by using non-random judgmental sampling procedure. The data were analyzed and interpreted by using simple statistical tool like percentage and were presented in the tables.In this study 50 cultural terms were identified and those terms were categorized into five categories as ecology, material culture, social culture, religious culture and gestures and habits. Findings of the study show that ten different techniques were found to have been employed in translating cultural terms. Among different techniques literal translation was the most frequent one and addition, couplet and deletion were the least used in the translation of total cultural terms. This study consists of five chapters. The first chapter deals with background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definition of the key terms. The second chapter consists ofthe review of theoretical literature, review of the empirical literature related to this study, implications of the review for the study and conceptual framework. The third chapter consists of design and methods of the study, populations, sample and sampling strategy, study area/field, data collection tools and techniques, data collection procedures and data analysis and interpretation procedures. The fourth chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of results and summary/discussion of findings. Finally, the fifth chapter includes the conclusion and recommendations of the study followed by references and appendices.Item Techniques used in the translation of cultural terms and existing gaps: A case of There is a carnival today(Department of English Education, 2023) KC, AmritaAvailable with full textItem Techniques Used in Translating Cultural Terms in Religious Book: A Case of Kirat Mundhum(Department of English Education, 2022) Limbu, BinodThe research work entitled Techniques Used in Translating Cultural Terms in Religious Book: KIRAT MUNDHUM was an attempt to identify the Limbu cultural terms in religious book and their equivalents in English translation and to find out the techniques used in translation of religious book KIRAT MUNDHUM. The study followed the Survey research design. The data were collected from secondary sources. Fifty cultural terms were selected from the religious book by adopting purposive non random sampling procedure. The main tool for data collection was observation. The major finding of the study was that five different techniques: literal translation, sense translation, substitution, deletion, and borrowing were employed while translating the cultural terms. Out of them, literal translation technique was the mostly used technique and deletion was the least used technique. The study consists of five chapters. The first chapter deals with general background, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. The second chapter deals with the review of theoretical and empirical literature and conceptual framework of the study. Likewise, the third chapter deals with the methodology adopted for the study, design of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy of the study, research tools, sources of data, data collection procedure and data analysis and interpretation procedure of the study. The fourth chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the collected data descriptively and using simple statistical tool i.e. percentage. Similarly, the fifth chapter deals with the findings based on the analysis and interpretation of the data, conclusion derived from the findings and recommendations. This chapter is followed by references and appendices.