Browsing by Subject "Employment generation"
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Item Economic implication of foreign employment and inward remittance business in Nepal(Department of Management, 2012) Aryal, AnjaliNot availableItem Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal: Determinants and Role in Manufacturing Sector(Department of Economics, 2022) Dhungel, Bashu DevForeign direct investment (FDI) is a long-term commitment for investment in developing host countries like Nepal as the major sources of capital for investment, the transfer of advance technology, and knowledgeable management skills. However, Nepal has received a very small amount of FDI compared with other developing countries during the study period. Thus, this dissertation, on Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal: Determinants and Role in Manufacturing Sector, explores the major determinants of FDI inflows and its contribution to the manufacturing sector. The main objectives of this dissertation are to investigate the trends, growth, and sources of FDI flows into Nepal with the special focus on the postliberalization periods; to explore the causes of the gap between actual and proposed FDI inflows; to analyze the determinants of FDI inflows; and to examine the contribution of FDI to the manufacturing sector of Nepal. To achieve these objectives, primary data from 100 samples, as well as secondary data (1995/96-2017/18), has been collected. To address the first objective, committed and actual FDI data have been used to show trend, composition, and growth of FDI flows into Nepal. The research has found that the trend and growth of FDI flows into Nepal is inconsistent during the study period. The magnitude of FDI from China is maximum, followed by India during the study period. To achieve the second objective, principal component analysis has been used to abstract crucial factors causing the high discrepancy between actual and committed flows of FDI into Nepal. To check the significance level of these abstracted factors, one sample t test has been made. The results show that high inflation rate, high volume of debt, high volume of trade deficit, and corporate tax rate are the pivot elements discouraging the foreign investors from investing their capital even after commitments. Similarly, the prominent factors causing the gap between actual and committed FDI flows are the low performance of bureaucrats in their respective fields, bureaucrats’ corruptive attitudes, unnecessary complex process created by bureaucrats for foreign investors, poor research and development facilities, less development of transportation facilities, and policy complications to approve the FDI. To address the third objective, OLS regression has been employed to investigate the key determinants of FDI flows into Nepal. The regression analysis reveals that the availability of infrastructure, corporate tax rate, political stability, human capital, openness, consumer price index, gross domestic product, NEPSE index, broad money supply, and tertiary education enrollment, infrastructure, market size, human capital, country-risk factors, and financial variables are found to be major determinants of FDI. To meet the fourth objective, instrumental variables and two stage least squares method have been used to explore the contribution of FDI to the manufacturing sector. The finding shows that the FDI has made a positive and significant impact on the manufacturing GDP and generated employment opportunities in the manufacturing sector during the study period. Finally, this dissertation concludes that FDI is a source of investment for a developing country—as well as main drivers of employment, technological progress, productive improvement, and ultimately economic growth of the nation. In order to raise the inflows of FDI, therefore, policy makers should develop infrastructure, moderate corporate tax rates, control corruptive attitudes of bureaucrats, reform policy complications to approve the FDI, and further liberalize the policies for foreign investors.Item Problems and prospects of tourism in Lumbini(Department of Rural Development, 2016) Acharya, Arbin ChandraTourism today is one of the fastest growing industries throughout the world. Tourism has tremendous growth potential as it stimulates the growth of the overall economy. It can help in solving chronic economic problems like unemployment, regional disparities and poverty in less developed countries like Nepal. It can generates income, raise standard of living of people, helps in having better social and political relations among regions and raises physical and moral well being of all people every where. Thus, it can be said that tourism is a movement against all types of backwardness. This Study entitled “Problem and prospects of Tourism in Lumbini (A Case Study of Lumbini Adarsha Municipality , ward no.4, Rupandehi District, Nepal)” was conducted with the objectives of assessing the tourist trend, and analyzes the socio economic impacts and role of tourism in Lumbini This study explored the impact using descriptive research strategy in which primary data were collected using the techniques of field survey with the help of three sets of questionnaire, field visit and observation. First set of questionnaires were asked with the local Household to evaluate the impact on socio-cultural, Economic and Environmental sectors. Second set of questionnaires were asked to the local entrepreneurs to analyze the impact in economic sector and final set of questionnaires were asked with the tourists pilgrims to find their Purpose for visit ,expenditure pattern and problems in their view. Secondary data has been collected from the different books and research articles. T. U. central library and official record at Lumbini Adarsha municipality office for this study. The information collected from primary sources have been molded and edited as per the requirement and objectives of research and data has been analyzed with the help of computer program, simple statistical tool like table, graph, percentage and average has been used for the data analysis . The study area consists of 83 HHs with total population of 650, no. of hotels 60 and small scale shops owned by local people and tourists visiting the study area. Out of which 17 HHs, 17 hotels, and 17 tourists were taken for the study on the random basis. There were around 83 households (HHs) in which most of the houses are with galvanized iron roof with mud bonded brick or stone wall, some with brick or stone houses bonded with cement and few with R.C.C pillar system in the Lumbini Aadarsha Municipality with total population of VDC 6203 consisting 3327 female and 2876 male. During the study it is found that Madhesi (90%) were the main caste, Agriculture (68%) was the main occupation, the average family size of the sample HHs were 4.45 persons per family, average literacy rate 75%. When the respondents were asked about the impact on socio-cultural sector the major finding was health sector in social aspect, 80% respondents of study area felt that Health service facilities was same as before where as only 20% felt that there was positive impact but the responded had not commented properly on the cultural sector.60% visitors responded that their main purpose of visit was for pilgrimage purpose while 35% visitors responded for spending holiday and for recreation. In economic study of the area, the income level of the local household was improved by selling the local products, arts and handicrafts to the local entrepreneurs and visitors varying from 10% to 50%.. The expenditure pattern by the visitors shows that they were mostly for the pilgrimage aspect. Very few visitors responded for high expenditure during their visit. Hotels and small entrepreneurs in the study area were able to generate 60% of employment opportunities to the local people. 75% of the respondents felt that there was negative impact on solid waste and disposal where as 85% respondents for negative impact in drainage system and majority of the responded commented for positive impact on water, soil, forest and most local people said that tourism activities has increased the air pollution in the study area due to the movement of people and services. From the study it was found that most of the HHs said that the Pilgrimage tourism activities have brought major positive change in the social sector like education, involvement of people in social work, Women and child Health Condition where as health service, drinking facilities, while moral and social values has changed little bit. Most of the local HHs and entrepreneurs were satisfied that the tourism activity was able to increase their HHs economic level and the local economy after development of tourism. Major environmental concerned was solid waste disposal, drainage system and existing earthen road due to tourism activities. Thus, tourism activities have brought positive changes in social sector, economic situation and some negative impact in the environmental condition. A proper preservation and conservation strategy with involvement of all the stakeholders are most for sustainable promotion and development of Lumbini area.Item Role of tourism in Phidim Bazzar of Panchthar district(Department of Economics, 2017) Tumbapo, Tanka BahadurNot availableItem Socio-Economic Contributions of Naugarh Gad Small Hydropower Project of Dethala VDC, Darchula(Department of Economics, 2017) Joshi, LiladharNot availableItem Socio-Economic Impact of Small Hydropower Project: A Case Study of Ridikhola Hydropower Project on Ruru VCD, Ridi Gulmi District(Department of Rural Development, 2017) Budha, Tek BahadurThis study entitled "Socio-Economic Impact of Small-Hydro Power Project: A Case Study of RidiKhola Hydropower Project on Ruru VDC Gulmi District" has been conducted. The role of hydropower either it is developed or developing country is essential. Hydropower is renewable energy which can be taken as a backbone of the nation in economic development in the context of least developed country like Nepal. The electricity generated from the hydropower plant is not only essential for industrial growth but is equally inevitable for rural development too. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of the small hydropower projects in rural development on socio-economic aspects through income and employment generation, health and sanitation, education and information technology and suggest solution for sustainable development of small hydropower. Descriptive and exploratory research design was applied for this study to understand the impact of RidiKhola Hydropower Project on the lives of the people. To fulfill the main objective close-ended and open ended questions were used. As this study was based on explaratory designs it deals with the different spectrum of the respondents life. As found in the study area there were involved 45.65 percent respondent with their age 26-40. It was taken consideration that the people from 26 to 40 are physically and mentally active and they can give proper ups and downs in their lives due to Ridi Hydro Power project. This reserch incorporates and deals with the opinions of 46 respondents including 58.70 percent male and 41.30 percent female. As Nepal is dominated country of Hindus, in the study area 86.96 percent respondents were follower of Hinduism followed by 8.70 percent Buddhist and 4.35 percent Christians. Majority of the respondents were dependent on foreign job whereas after the installation of RidiHyrdo power more than fifty percent job holders are from local people. It was found that Kerosone was totally eliminated after the installation of this hydro power. Traceable improvement was also in their children's study and diretly and indirectly there is positive impact of Ridi Hydropower in Ruru VDC of Gulmi district.Item Trend Analysis of Tourists Arrival in Nepal 1990-2012(Department of Economics, 2015) Bastakoti, Shirish KumarThis study is mainly concentrated on the objectives to assess the trend of tourist arrival in Nepal from 1990 to 2012. This study is also analyzed the contribution of tourism to the GDP, share of tourism receipts to the national economy and this study has also attempted to analyze the employment generation from tourism and some appropriate recommendations for tourism development in Nepal has been presented. In this study data has been analyzed depending on secondary sources of information from concerned authorities. This study specially concerns with international tourist arrivals in Nepal. And all the information is based on secondary data. This study covers the 23 years i.e. from 1990 to 2012. The collected data has been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. To analyze the data different tools and techniques have been used. The simple mathematical tools like percentage, ratio and average have been used to analyze the data. And the data has been presented by using simple methods such as tables, bar diagrams, pie-charts and charts. Tourism is the movement or travel of people from one place to another; whether it is within their own country or to other countries, for pleasure, business, pilgrimage and other purpose. The evolution of tourism dates back to ancient times. In Nepal, tourism, despite having a long history was, developed since 1950s only. It is found that the tourist arrival in Nepal in 1962 was 6179 and after a decade in 1972 it reached 52,930, which was an increase by 8.6 times. In the year 2012, the number of tourists reached 803,092 by recording a growth of 9.1 percent over 2011 which was the highest figure of tourist arrival in Nepal until the year 2012. The gender wise trend of tourist arrivals in Nepal shows that the number of male tourists is always larger than that of female tourists. In the year 2012 the ratio of male and female tourists' arrivals in Nepal were 54.7 and 45.3 respectively of the total arrivals. In Nepal shortest length of stay of tourists is recorded 7.92 days in 2002 and the longest 13.51 days in the year 2004 during the period 1990 and 2012. The average length of stay of foreign tourists in Nepal has been found 12.26 days during the year 2012. The age-wise trend of tourist arrival in Nepal found that since the year 1992 to 2012 the age group of 31-45 has a higher share and age group of 16-30, 46-60, 61 & over and 0 -15 secured second, third, fourth and fifth position except the year 2004 and 2009. March, April of Spring season and October, November of Autumn season, these four months are peak seasons for tourist coming to Nepal. Most of the tourists visiting Nepal come for holiday/pleasure purpose. In 2012 most of the tourist came for holiday and pleasure purposes which is 47.3 percent of the total tourist arrival in Nepal in that year. In the early years above 80 percent tourists uses air service while visiting Nepal and below 20 percent tourists they came by land transport service. Since 2002, except the year 2003, below 80 percent tourists came by air and above 20 percent came via land. In terms of nationality, the largest number of tourists coming to Nepal is from India and other major nationalities include China, UK, USA, Sri Lanka, Japan, Germany, France, etc. The highest percent of tourist arrivals in Nepal in 2012 was from India with 20.6 percent share and other major market for Nepal among top ten nations are China (8.9%), Sri Lanka (8.7%), USA (6.1%), UK (5.1%), France (3.6%), Japan (3.6%), Germany (3.8%), Australia (2.7%), Netherland (1.9%), and Italy and Spain (1.8%) respectively. In the fiscal year 2000/01 the total foreign exchange earnings from tourism was Rs.11717 million. It reached Rs. 30703 million in the fiscal year 2011/12 which is about three times more than the fiscal year 2000/01. The proportion of tourism earnings to total foreign exchange earnings has been fluctuating from 2000/01 to 2011/12 ranging 3.6 percent to 8.1 percent. The higher percentage of share from tourism is noticed in the year 1993/94 which was recorded 4.3 percent of total GDP. And the lowest percentage of share from tourism to GDP in the year 2006/07 that was recorded only 1.5 percent. So tourism is one of the major contributors of the foreign exchange earnings in the country. There were 637 travel agencies and 537 trekking agencies working in Nepal in the year 2000 which number of agencies reached 1739 and 1240 in the year 2010. The number of tourist guide and trekking guide has increased also in increasing rate. The number of tourist guide was 1854 and the number of trekking guide was 2155 in the year 2000. These numbers are reached 2661 and 6747 respectively in the year 2010. The number of trekking guide has been increased more than 3 times during the study period i.e. from 2000 to 2010. So the recent trend of tourists' arrival in Nepal seems satisfactory. To promote tourism sector and its contribution to socio-economic sector of the country, we need to utilize available resources properly and beneficially.Item Trend and structure of foreign direct investment in Nepal(Department of Economics, 2011) Subedi, NareshworNot available