Browsing by Subject "Federalism"
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Item Federalism in Nepal: From National Security Perspective(Department of Internaional Relaions and Diplomacy, 2022) Rana Magar, KalpanaThe promotion and protection of national security have been a core national interest of every state. The issue of national interest becomes more crucial at a time of restructuring process, survival, and competition in the global politics. As a state building process, Nepal is in the nascent phase of administering the federal system after promulgation of the fifth time amended Interim Constitution of Nepal 2008, which is later replaced by the Constitution of Nepal 2015. There has been significant development in the political system, institutional arrangements of the state and national security-related governing bodies, policies, and priorities. However, in comparison to a great and emerging power, Nepal experiences more security risks and challenges to protect national security due to more economic interdependence, and limited military power intertwined with geographical positioning which attracts the interest and repercussion of immediate neighbours and rivalry powers. Whilst the existing internal threats also threaten, fragment and challenge the management, regulation, and protection of security. In this landscape, this research aims to study the national security strategies enshrined by the adopted constitution of Nepal 2015 and safeguarded by the foreign policy of federal Nepal. Through thematic analysis, it critically examines methods of promotion of national security and then explores potential challenges that emerged while practicing the federal system. Finally, this paper discusses suggestions or recommendations regarding how the national security of Nepal can be achieved, safeguarded, and promoted by mitigating and managing the security risk and challenges. Key words: National security, federalism, small state, great power, and asymmetric dependence.Item Gandaki Province Through Federal Lens A Review of Challenges and Prospects(Faculty of Politacal Science, 2020) Parajulee, Chandra ShekharFederalism refers to a political governing system with multiple tiers of government working together with coordination. It is preferred for self and shared rule. Nepal also has gone through federal system of governance and the provincial governments have massive authority including legislation and executive power. This research analyzes the discourses of federalism implementation in Nepal in special reference to Gandaki province. It has critically examined the administrative and political system of Gandaki Province in terms of service delivery and development. Besides demonstrating the performances of provincial government and provincial assembly, it has analyzed inter-governmental relation of Gandaki province with other two tiers of government. For this research, people from provincial and local governments (elected representatives and government employees), provincial assembly members, academicians, civil society leaders and journalists were interviewed. The interview findings were analyzed by supplementing with published documents. There is big paradigm shift in terms of governance in Nepal after implementation of federalism. Nevertheless, just going into federal structure is not the solution. As in case of other provincial governments, Gandaki province had also to start from scratch. It gradually took a shape of government and has been functioning sluggishly. This research highlights that the provincial government has many challenges ahead, which has badly hindered its plans and actions. Additionally, fundamental laws, infrastructures and human resources are found to be insufficient in sub-national level. Lack of clarity in jurisdiction is another main challenge. The Nepali Constitution assumes cooperation, coexistence and coordination as the fundamental principles of federalism which, unfortunately, appear to be lacking among the three tiers of government despite their efforts. Though the devolution of power to sub-national governments is essential for the successful implementation of federalism, the research shows that it has been delayed due to centralized mentality of bureaucracy as well as political leader.Item Nepali Literature & Ethnicity: A Study in the Mode of Representation(Faculty of English, 2015) Thapa, Hit BahadurThis research paper Nepali literature & Ethnicity: A Study in the Mode of Representation studies about how contemporary Nepali literatures directly or indirectly reflect, fictionalize or symbolizes about the burning ethnic issues. The paper also delves into the subject matter as to what extent Nepali and foreign writers have asserted the rights of ethnic indigenous peoples and polticalized or romanticized this issue. The multiple theoretical as well as philosophical stands taken by Nepali as well as foreign writers on the ethnic issue and their divergent opinions suggest that the issue of ethnicity or indigenous movement for identity is not merelya political issue and rather entrenched with elusive historical, social, cultural and political roots. That is why Nepali literatures reflect thoughts of Marxism, Maoism, Feminism and Class Struggle, while,at the same time they poeticize, romanticize, problematize and indulge in new historicism. Hence, it seems that there is no confluence of trajectories on the ethnic issues being reflected via these literatures. Key Words: EthnicIssue, Identity, Federalism, Janajati, Indigenous, Maoist, Kiranti, Tamang, Mhendo, Namdeng, Bise Nagarchi,Sun Re Siya Ram,Brahmin, Chetries, Proletarian.