Browsing by Subject "Forest Management"
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Item An Assessment of Institutional Strengthening Process of Community Forest User Group for Sustainable Forest Management” “A Case Study of Shree Jan Jyoti Community Forest User Group" of Sarlahi District(Department of Rural Development, 2011) Dhungel, PunamThe Thesis entitled "Institutional Strengthening Process of Community Forest User Group for Sustainable Forest Management" is a study done in Shree Jana Jyoti Community Forest User Group (CFUG) in Sarlahi District. The general objective of the study was to assess the institutional strengthening of CFUG for sustainable Community Forest (CF) management. The specific objectives of the study were to identify the present structural and functional arrangement of CFUG and to sketch the level of participation in both Community Forest User Committee (CFUC) and CFUG with respect to caste, sex and economic status and to find out the fund mobilization process. Data collection was primarily done by visiting the field and making the individual contact with the CFUG and CFUC members from the different strata. Among the 354 Households 118 Households (one-third of total) respondents were selected using simple random technique considering that respondents are from all ethnic group. The selected sample was questioned about the prospects, situation people involvement and their interest on community forest conservation. Likewise, different tools of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) such as Semi-Structured Interview (SSI), Household Survey, Focus Group Discussions and Direct Observation were applied during the study. The finding of the study shows that among 354 households of Shree Jana Jyoti CFUG 239 HHs (67%) were from Brahmin/Chhetri representing the majority while 7 HHs(2%) are from dalit community indicating the least. The economic condition of people of the study area is quite good as major portion of the households fall in middle class family. Because of sound economic condition many households can afford for the education of their children,hence the literacy rate in this area is found to be good i.e 72.10%. The representation of Dalit community is not satisfactory (only one) in the old users committee. Despite the significant number of women seen in the old user's committee, their role in decision making is not significant. However, the people representation from remaining groups is satisfactory. In the newly formed CFUC, the participation of dalit has been maintained at 7% while the numbers of women stand 57%. Likewise, women's role was extremely limited to the physical work e.g. nursery construction, forest product harvesting and collection, plantation, fencing but they are not involved in the decision making e.g. nursery site selection, how much and what to harvest, where and what to plant etc. Mobilization of fund for different purposes and selection of forest management activities were limited to the men. Hence it is recommended to apply the participatory approach in decision making irrespective of sex, caste and ethnicityItem Community Forest and Rural Livelihood(A case study of Guhele Chhopnarayan Community Forest of Gupteshwor VDC, Dawan, Bhojpur)(Department of Geography, 2008) Rai, Saran KumarNot AvailableItem Contribution of Community Forestry on Local Livelihood(Central Department of Rural Development Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 2017-04) Rai, ArbinCommunity forests have existed in their modern form in Nepal since 1987, when the government began a phased handover of state-owned forest to communities. The government hoped that this would be an incentive for communities to conserve and restore what were by that point heavily degraded forests. Under this theme, Ambote Singhadevi, Community Forest which cover an area of 50.128 hectares and located in Irkhu VDC, Ward no. 7 of Sindhupalchowk District was handed over to community in July 2004 AD. Since the handover of the forest, there has been significant change in greenery as well as on livelihood of the local people who were dependent upon forest and forest products for their daily needs. The main objective of the study entitled “Contribution of Community Forestry on Local Livelihood: A Case of Ambote Singhadevi Community Forest, Sindhupalchowk” was to assess the status of socio-economic condition, adopted forest management strategies and its contribution on livelihood of forest dependent people. Livelihood assessment was determined using “Sustainable Livelihood Framework Guidance Sheet” prepared by DIFID. Assessment of livelihood on forest dependent community was based on field observation, Key Informant Interview and Focus Group Discussion where judgmental scoring method was applied. Questionnaire for which was developed on the basis of Sustainable Livelihood Framework Guidance Sheet. The total average scores for five livelihood capitals namely human, physical, social, financial and natural capitals which were used to assess the livelihood were found to be 1.765, 1.617, 2.361, 2.042 and 2.702 respectively. The result illustrated that the forest under study had significantly contributed to enhance the condition of human, social and natural capitals. The contribution was noticeable in terms of physical capital but the condition of financial capital was found to be dissatisfactory.Item A Study on the Participation of Dalits in community Forest Management in Dang District (A Case Study of Gairakhali Hariyali Community Forestry UsersGroups in Tulsipur Municipality)(Department of Rural Development, 2006) Oli, TulasaThis study entitled,"A Study on the Participation of Dalits in CommunityForest Management in Dang District: A Case Study of Gairakhali Hariyali Community Forestry User Groups in Tulsipur Municipality"was based onprimary data collected in June, 2006. The main objective of the study was tofind out the participation of Dalits in CF management. The other specificobjectives included To analyse the socio-economic characteristic of the Dalitshousehold population of the CFUG members, to evaluate the participation ofDalits in CF management process, to analyse the status of Dalits in decisionmaking and benefit sharing process. and to identify the problems of Dalits inactive participation in CF program. For the purpose of the study, the researcher hadapplied the techniques of socialscience research methodology. The study was held on both exploratory anddescriptive research design. The sources of data were both primary andsecondary and the natures of data were both qualitative and quantitative. Therewere 797 households of the CFUG members in the community forestry. Out ofwhich 124 households were from Dalits. Among total Dalit households, 40households with 196 population were taken on a simple random basis for thestudy. 40 Dalit respondents of the CFUG members and key informants werethe respondents of the study. The Dalit households has the sex ratio 96.00 percent and overall agedependency ratio of 141.27 percent and most of them were unmarried. Theeducational status of Dalits HHs population was very low. Females were moreilliterate than males. Agriculture was the major occupation of Dalit HHspopulation and Dalit CFUG members of the CF. of the total 97.50 percent ofthem were having food deficiency. Only 2.50 percent HHs produced sufficientfood. Wage labour was found as a primary source of income of Dalit HHs ofCFUGs. The effective participation of Dalits CFUG members in decisions makingprocess was not satisfactory because of illiteracy, low level of awareness, lackof leadership development, poverty, untouchability and discriminatorypractices of social elites. Most of Dalits were participating irregularly,knowingly or unknowingly and had passive or supportive role in decisionmaking process. But their participation in benefit sharing process was satisfactory. Most of theDalits had access to forest products of daily needs, but they were unable to graban opportunities from CF fund. Moreover, they had no access to incomegenerating activities and training which is most important to up-lift their socio-economic status. Therefore, amendment of operational plan of the CF by broader discussion,focusing on tilting opportunities from community forest for Dalits (like forincome generating activities, providing capacity building training etc.) andcreating an inclusive environment for intermixing between Dalits and non-Dalits are major recommendations made by the research study.Item Women Participation in Community Forest Management: A Case study of Ratuwa Mai Community Forest User's Group,Topgachhi V.D.C.,Jhapa District(Department of Rural Development, 2010) Acharya, SailuNepal is one of the least developed countries in the world. It is characterized by itsmountainous terrain which makes basic infrastructure and communicationdevelopment difficult. The people of Nepal are heavily reliant on subsistenceagriculture, most of which is historically focused on the Terai area of Nepal.Forests are an integral part of the agriculture and lives of people in these area.They provide timber for housing, fuel wood, fodder for stock and leaf litter forcomposting among many other things. Nepal used to be very rich in terms of forestresources and biodiversity. It is the main source of firewood, timber, litters andanimal fodder. A vast majority of the population in rural Nepal is directly involvedin managing forest as part of their everyday life. At the beginning whenthe size of population was small as compared to the vastarea of forest, exploitation of forest resources by the people had less adverse effecton environment and the socio-economy. The rapid growth in population resultedmultifarious impact. The rapid socio-economic changes in Nepal have placed anew demand on forest resources. People are cutting trees for expanding theiragricultural land. So Nepal's forests are gradually disappearing causing a majorecological crisis. In the present context, it is the most focused and prioritized program of theforestry sector to promote the forest situation in the country. Community forestryis an approach to forest management intended primarily to benefit the local usersof forests. The main objectives of the community forestry program is to involveand participate community members in the conservation and management ofnatural resources in a sustainable manner in-order to fulfill the dailyrequirements of fodder, forages, bedding materials for animals, firewood and timber. The community forestry program is aimed at community development andparticularly at meeting the household needs. Women’s participation is the most important aspects and activities of communityforest management in Nepal. Since they are the key stakeholders with the forestresources, definitely they have vital role as well as idea to use it in sustainablemanner. When a rural woman became the member of FUG Committee then hernew developmental role will be started. Groups meet to discuss communityforestry rights and responsibilities. Women’s participation also depends upon howmany villagers understood the rights and authority of the FUG Committeemembers. The frequencies of meeting, assembly and people’s participation alsoaffect the women’s participation. In Nepalese context, the level of supports given to the women by male counterpartdetermines the participation of women in any outdoor activities in the community.Traditional norms, powers in decision making roles and benefit sharing alsoaffected their participation. Thus, the greater the support from family, greaterwould be the chances of active participation of women in CF management. Also,educational status of people plays a key role for better involvement of women.There are other social factorsas well in our community that helps or hinders theactive participation of women in the CF activities. Basically, this study has beenconcentrated on the role of women in CF management as well as what are themajor factors that are either supportive or not supportive to women fromparticipating in the public sphere breaking the traditional boundary and theirrole.Item Women’s Participation in Community Forest Management A Case Study of Ekkane Chaur Cfug, Pakhapani Vdc of Parbat District of Western Nepal(2011) Paudel, Rishi RamPeople’s participation especially the women’s participation has been recognized as an important aspect of community forest management and development discourse for the last decade. Women’s participation is expected in all dimensions such as planning and decision-making, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and benefit sharing aspects. In this context this study was conducted in the Akkanechaur Community Forest User Groups of Pakhapani VDC of Parbat District with the aim of assessing women’s participation in community forest management. The study is descriptive by nature in the sense that it includes survey and fact-finding inquiries on selected issues. In order to meet quantitative and qualitative requirements, both primary and secondary sources of data were used in the study. Conducting household survey, focus group discussion, Key informant interview and observation methods were used to collect primary data. Likewise, published and unpublished documents were reviewed to gather secondary information. The study has revealed that women of forest user group were aware of the multilateral importance of community forest. However, they were not adequately aware of the constitution, operational plan and other technical aspects of community forest management and development. Such ignorance and dependency will prevail for a long period, if the existing system continues. The status of women’s participation in implementation process was high while the rate of participation in decision-making processes was low. Participation of ordinary women in monitoring and evaluation process and participation in general assembly’s was not found satisfactory. Usually, social activities conducted by CFUG were found to have benefited to both sexes. Women member of the CFUG had not received opportunity to participate in training and study tours. The CFUG has mobilized more physical participation of women in community forest management. Despite some personal, family, social and policy level constraints, women were involved in CF management due to synergetic efforts of self-inspiration and daily requirements of the forest products. In order to open women’s introvert nature, it is required to explore their attitude and ambitions, utilize women’s knowledge and skills, address the obstacles, and maximize the women’s participation in CF management. Equal efforts are expect from all stakeholders. Recommendations related to constitution reformulation, policy, regulations and strategy are provided to policy-making bodies. Implementation based recommendations such as involving women as EC member in adequate proportion even in major portfolios, women mobilization in OP preparation and its periodic review, and disseminating CF and people’s mobilization related recommendations are assigned to GOs/NGOs. Psychological closeness between women and forest resources was observed during the study. Women’s participation was found determined extremely with socio-economic condition, institutional culture of CFUG and status of women in the family. Women posses basic inspiration, knowledge and skill regarding forest resource management. Reinforcement of women’s existing knowledge and skill, and boosting the existing attitude and ambition of women regarding CF management at local level definitely can play a significant role to restore and enhance the effective management of the forest resources.Item Women’s Participation in Community Forest Management and Use:A Case Study of Bhaktpur District, Nepal(Central Department of Rural Development, 2009) Thapa, Narsingh BahadurForest plays an important role in our daily lives and clearly. It is one ofthe country's most important national resources. Nepalese economybased on agriculture and livestock farming is greatly dependent on forestresources so in this dissertation, one of the most important to promotewomen's empowerment awareness. The objectives of the Study was to describe the activities and tasks, of thewomen committee, women's role in utilization of forest resources andmanagement decision making to determine the factors of women'sparticipation in community forest and to describe the present condition ofcommunity forest committee and its management. Applying the purposive sampling technique essential information hasbeen collected from five VDCs of Bhaktapur District. Semi-structuralquestionnaire, discussionwith key informants, participation observationand secondary sources of data also has been used for collection data tomeet the objectives the study. The life of people especially in the out of municipalities areas is totallydependent upon forest resources. Firewood, timber, fodder leaf litters,which form the vital needs for the forming as well as cattle rearingactivities in the out of municipality's area. In fact there has been a veryintimate linkage between agricultural activities and forest resources. For good management of community forest, independent and dependentvariables play vital roles. Independent variables such as size of usergroup, participation of women, size of forest, social and cultural normshave been analyzed for showing the relationship with dependentvariables. In the research the dependent variables is Women'sparticipation and collective group. The relationship between independentvariables and dependent variables has been found positive relationshipfor good management of community forest. Many women think that as they are uneducated, the presence in thecommunity meeting and assembly is unless this hesitation has alsocontributed in making women's participation low. The absence ofobligatory rules (expect for the quota requirement of women in thecommittee) is also a factor that has not promoted the women'sparticipation in CF activities. Women always been relegated to asecondary status due to countries of male domination in the society. Thishas also become a hindrance to women's participation in CF activities. Out of total population of the study area, there was9% illiterate women'sparticipation. Male participation in executive committee was 89% andfemale participation in executive committee was 11%. The monitoring ofCFwas satisfied. They social composition of the study population ismixed. Due to gender's work differences and interests within the same productsin the society, it has been necessary to address gender issues. Withoutaddressing gender issues in the planand program, it is very difficult tolaunch development strategy for the upliftment of the society. Lack ofawareness among the women themselves and insufficient awarenessprogram by the donor's agencies and the government to involve women inCF management has also hindered women's participation in CFactivities. Social and cultural practices, customs and traditions are thegreatest factor that restricts women's mobility. Many families disapproveof their women going away from home to participate in CF activities,training and work.The dissertant noted that women's participation means to promotewomen's involvement in the programme, mentally, physically andeconomically for their common welfare. Two type of Recommendation are given end of the study chapter nine.