Browsing by Subject "Fungicides"
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Effect of Fungicide Copper Oxychloride on dividing Cells of allium Cepal.(Department of Botany, 2006) K.C., SangitaThe present study describes a cytological experiment to determine the effect offungicide Copper oxychloride on the root meristematic cells ofAllium cepa.The root meristems were treated with different concentrations of Copperoxychloridei.e., 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.075% and 0.1% for different duration oftime i.e., 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours for each concentration. In the study, mitotic index, phase indices and abnormality indices werecalculated and abnormal phases were studied. Mitotic index decreased withincreasing concentration and period of treatment. Mitotic index was least in0.1% concentration at 24 hours treatment. It shows that treatment with higherconcentrations and longer period of treatment is toxic. Prophase indexincreased with increase in concentration and period of treatment. Metaphaseand Ana-telophase indices showed decreasing tendency with increase inconcentration and period of treatment. Copper oxychloride induced various types of cellular abnormalities. Theabnormalities werediluted cells, unequal condensation of chromatin threads inprophase, equatorial plate shifting, C-metaphase, stickiness, disturbedmetaphase, diagonal anaphase, precocious chromosomes, precocious arms,laggards, bridges, fragmentation, sticky anaphase, pole shift in anaphase andtelophase, unequal cytokinesis, delay in cell plate formation, binucleated cells,unequal movement of chromosomes, diagonal telophase and unequalcondensation of daughter chromosomes. The abnormalities may be attributed tothe disturbance in the spindle mechanism and metabolic disturbances caused bythe chemical.The results obtained from the study shows that fungicide Copper oxychloride iscytologically effective, mito-depressive, clastogenic and is lethal at higherconcentrations.Item Effect of Fungicide Metalaxyl on Dividing Root Cells of Allium Cepa L.(Department of Botany, 2008) Khatry, SumanThe study throws light on the cytological effects of a systemic fungicide Metalaxyl on the somatic cell division. The root meristems of healthy onion bulbs (Allium cepa L.) were used as bioassay under lab condition. The water culture roots were made as control measure to study the chromosomal behavior. Metalaxyl solution of different concentrations was used to observe its cyto-toxic effects in dividing cells. In agriculture, the field recommended dose of Metalaxyl is 0.5 gm/1000 ml. Such concentration is recognized as 100% solution. The test solutions of different concentrations were prepared by dilution, i.e. 25%, 50% and 75%. The cytological effect was observed in different concentration of metalaxyl solution at different treatment periods i.e. 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours separately. Metalaxyl showed mito-depressive effect on higher concentration and also affected on all phase with different concentration with respect to different time periods. It is observed that higher the period of treated time lower will be the value of mean mitotic index. The mitotic indices values were observed between 22 to 25% in treated meristem whereas control value was 31%. The value of prophase index was increased with increase in time of treatment and concentration. The prophase index was highest due to prophase poisoning and lowest was metaphase index among all of the other phase indices. The fungicide accomplished to induce the various type of chromosomal aberrations. The untreated root cells showed relatively less abnormalities than that of treated. The commonly found abnormalities were plasmolized cells, bi-nucleated cells, stickiness of chromosomes at prophase and metaphase, diagonal metaphase, C-metaphase, equatorial plate shifting, nonsynchronized arrangement of chromosomes, precocious chromosomes and arms, lagging chromosomes, inhibition of cell plate formation and unequal cytokinensis. These were major physiological aberrations encountered in root treated cell of Allium cepa L. The abnormalities included chromosome breaks, chromatin bridges and micronuclei were the major clastogenic aberrations found on Metalaxyl treatment. Although, abnormalities were also encountered at control, but frequency was very low. Frequencies of physiological effects were found to be higher than that of clastogenic abnormalities. The statistical analysis showed that the frequency of aberrations induced with the entire dose and treatment period differed significantly from that of control. So, Metalaxyl has potential to physiological as well as clastogenic effects on plant cells.