Browsing by Subject "Gastro-Intestinal system"
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Item Gastro-Intestinal Parasites of Red Panda (Ailurus Fulgens Cuvier, 1825) and Livestocks in Community Forest of Illam, Nepal(Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2015) Shrestha, SajanRed Panda is endangered species of Nepal and its numbers are declining day by day. Present study was conducted to assess the possible parasitic sharing between Red Panda and livestocks population sharing the same pasture land. A total of 55 fresh fecal samples were collected by using line transect method and opportunistically from the elevation range 2200 to 4800m, which includes Red Panda(14), Cow(20) , Buffalo(1) ,Yak(2), Horse(5), Goat(9) and Sheep(4) from Illam Community forest area of Nepal. The collected faecal samples were preserved in 2.5% potassium dichromate and microscopically examined using direct smear and concentration methods. Prevalence of protozoan and helminthic parasites were found to be 100% in Red Panda. Among the protozoan, Sporozoa (64.28%) showed highest prevalent followed by Sarcodina (57.14%) and Litostomatea (14.28%). Among the helminth parasites, seven types of nematode were identified in which Oxyuris were reported in all the samples followed by Ascaris (57.14%), Trichostrongylus (50%), Strongyloides (50%), Trichuris (42.8%), Crenosoma (42.85%) and Hook Worm (35.7%). Multiple infection (78.57%) was more common in Red Panda followed by triple infection (21.42%) and double and single infection were absent. In case of livestock, almost equal prevalence of both protozoan (82.92%) and helminth (87.82%) parasites were recorded. Coccidian (60.97%) parasites were more prevalence in livestock followed by Sarcodina (21.95%) and Litostomatea (7.31%). Besides protozoan, eight genera of helminth parasites were recorded which includes; Oxyuris (87.8%), Ascaris (60.97%), Strongyloides (53.65%), Trichostrongylus (41.465), Hook Worm (39.02%) and Trichuris (31.70%), among nematode; Moniezia (14.63%) among cestode and Paraphiostomum (2.43%) among trematode. In case of mixed infection, multiple infections (73.17%) was more prevalence followed by triple (19.51%) and double infection (7.31%). Comparing the morphologically similar parasites, there were not statistically significant differences. However, some parasites were Red Panda specific and some were livestock specific.Item Prevalence of Gastro-Intestinal Parasites of Horses (Equus Caballus Linnaeus, 1758) in Seven Vdcs of Rukum District, Nepal(Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2016) Oli, NareshHorse has been a loyal friend and trusted partner of human being. Horses are prone to infestation with both internal and external parasites. Present study was conducted in eastern seven VDCs of Rukum district to determine the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in horses. The study was carried out from March 2016 to November 2016. A total of 105 faecal samples of horses (79 males and 26 females) were collected by using opportunistic random method during the month of April 2016. The collected faecal samples were preserved in 2.5% potassium dichromate and microscopically examined using concentration techniques. The overall prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites was 84.76% (89/105). The total numbers of genera observed during faecal examination were 12 in numbers. Among them, the Strongylus sp. showed the highest prevalence (51.42%) followed by Eimeria sp. (20%), Trichostrongylus sp. (14.28%), Trichonema sp. (13.33%), Parascaris equorum (10.47%), Balantidium sp. (9.52%), Dictyocaulus sp. (8.57%), Triodontophorus sp. (7.61%), Gastrodiscus sp. (6.66%), Oxyuris equi (4.76%), Entamoeba sp. (3.80%), Shistosoma sp. (1.90%) and unidentified nematode larvae (7.61%). Three genera of parasites: Shistosoma sp., Triodontophorus sp. and Dictyocaulus sp. have been reported first time for Nepal in horses. Present study showed higher infection rate in females (92.30%) than in male horses (82.27%). No significant associations were observed between the prevalence of parasite rate with VDC-wise (χ2 = 5.7161; p>0.05) and prevalence rate with sex-wise (χ2 = 0.3346; p>0.05). But a significant association was observed between the infection status and study area (χ2 = 84.277; p<0.05)