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Item Analysis of Rural Poverty: A Case Study of a Magar Community of Phoksingkot VDC Palpa, Lumbini, Nepal(Department of Rural Development, 2010) Thapa Magar, Mohan. S.Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon which is a major obstacle for the human civilizations and overall development of the society, nation, and the whole world. It is the major factor responsible for the conflict, war, murder and human right abolition. Poverty is found everywhere still in the developed countries and massive in the developing countries. As Nepal is a developing and one of the poorest countries in the world, it is also largely affected by the poverty. Among the poor Indigenous people, Dalit, Women and rural people are included in excessive amount. Magars are one of the largest ethnic groups of Nepal comprising 7.14% of the total population but are socially and culturally lagged behind because of different factors, which are definitely rather dynamic in nature and the condition of these people is also changing, though all the changes do not take the positive trend. The general objective of the study was to understand poverty situation of the Magar people in the Phoksingkot VDC of Palpa districts. The specific objectives were a) to measure the extent of poverty in Magar people b) to determine the relationship between poverty and other factors viz. employment, income, education, land holding, health facilities, access to facilities, livestock rearing, house structure etc c) to find the causes and effect of poverty in study area. As such, the present study attempted to discover the interplay of different variables for analyzing the poverty of Magar of the study area, Phoksingkot VDC, Palpa. It also tried to illustrate some peculiarities of Magars and helped seekers to understand the extent and cause of the poverty in the daily life activities. For the study, survey was done at four wards, 1, 2, 4 and 6 and households were 15, 10, 15 and 10 in a random sampling respectively. For the data collection different peoples were interviewed for the purpose of cross validation and for the literature secondary sources have been taken. Coded and analyzed the data taken, interpretation was done through different sophisticated statistical tools. The study showed that 50 households include 312 family members with HHs size of 6.24. 52.6 % of the population were economically active with the dependency ratio of 0.9. The absolute poverty line was drawn to be NRs 27.2 per capita per day income. On this basis 32% of households and 30.13% of populations were found to be absolute poor. The total poverty line was found to be NRs 43.85 per capita per day. On this basis, 46% of households or 45.84% of population are under total poverty line. It is found that 54% of household or 54.16% of population are non - poor. Education status of the study area is low as 36% people are illiterate. From the study it is known that illiteracy is one of the major factors of poverty. Most of the economically active population of study area engaged in agriculture 40.06% but there is disguised unemployment. From the field observation of the study area, it is found that, most of the poor have small cottage sized house with poor condition and are socially and economically backward. Most of people are living in very low level of living standard, such as ill-fed (lack of nutrition), poor clothing, very low standard of shelter. Geographically, the studied are is hilly and needed to walk 2-3 hrs from road. So it is one of the major factors for the VDC people to be far from access to facilities and services, market for their production, health facilities etc. They need to walk 1.30hrs for the education which is another cause for dropping out and more illiterate and unemployed people. The major problem the VDC people are suffering is the drinking water and irrigation. In order to improve the poverty status and break up the vicious circle of poverty in the Phoksingkot VDC of Palpa districts agricultural productivity must be increased in order to alleviate poverty, mixed and rotational cropping system should be adopted and then provide required facilities for agriculture such as irrigation, chemical fertilizer, pesticides, improved varieties of seeds etc. The government should encourage private investment in the study area to generate employment opportunities and market centres. Spending on alcohol, smoking, gambling and other unuseful and unproductive work should be discouraged by conducting some public awareness programs.Item Comparative Analysis of Malaria Cases Visiting Government and Private Health Facilities at 3 VDC¬¬s of Siraha District(Central Department of Zoology, 2011) Karn, Indrajit LalThe present study was conducted from August 2007 to October 2008 to compare the malaria cases between government and private health facilities at 3 VDCs (Kalyanpur Jabdi, Itari Parsahi and Bishnupur Pra. Ra.) of Siraha district. These VDCs lie in the region of Eastern Nepal. The study was carried out by observing about 150 malaria probable cases at each 3 VDCs which were registered in both government and Private health facilities. Thus the total of 450 probable malaria cases were observed from the study area of which 209 cases from the government health facilities and 241 cases from the private health facilities. The questionnaire method was also used to assess the socio-economic status in relation to malaria. Out of 209 probable malaria cases, there was no infection of malaria in the government health facilities whereas 14(5.80%) cases were found to be positive in the private health facilities from 241 probable malaria cases. The positivity rate was found to be 3.11% of the total samples. In private health facilities, 13 cases were of P. vivax (2.88%) and 1 case (0.22%) of P. falciparum of the total samples. In private health facilities the age wise data revealed that the total infected population, the highest positivity rate was found in (41-50) year’s age group (7.14%). Similarly in relation to sex, the positivity rate was 2.44% in males and 0.22% in females of the total samples. The malaria was found to be higher in poor (2%) and (1.11)% in moderate class of total samples. The malaria infection was found to be higher in Hindu 2.88% and lower in Muslims 0.22% of total samples. Likewise malaria infection was higher in illiterate 1.55%, occupation wise malaria was found highest in farmers 1.11% and no infection among job holders 0% of total samples. The visiting rate of patients was found to be higher in private health facilities (50.88%) than in government health facilities (49.11%). The slide method diagnostic tools were observed to be used in government health facilities while antigen detector RDTs method was applied by private health facilities to confirm malaria. The medicines for malaria prescribed by both government and private health facilities were Chloroquine, Primaquine, Amoxicillin and Ciprofloxacilin of some Nepalese and Indian Companies.Item Situation of Elderly People in Nepal (A Case Study of Sertung VDC, Dhading District)(Department of Population Studies, 2013) Gurung, Chandra BahadurThis study entitled Situation of Elderly People in Nepal (A case study of Sertung VDC, Dhading District).Study is based on the primary data collected in 3 wards from these VDC, namely chalish-4, gombo-5 and chyat-6 in Sertung,Dhading,2012. The main objective of the study was to identify demographic, socio-economic, family support and health situation of elderly people in this area. The main specific objective were as to analyze the situation of 60 years and above elderly people; to fine out the situation of elderly people and behavior by demographic, socio-economic and health characteristics of the respondents; and to analyze the situation of elderly people by family support. The primary data was collected from the census method of this study area. The total respondents were 134 of aged 60 years and above from these elderly people of SertungVDC. Major findings were that, respondents were 54.5 percent female and 45.5 percent male, where found that 64.2 percent Tamang elderly and 35.8 percent were Gurung elderly.Among that 38.8 percent currently married, 46.3 percent widow/widowers and 0.8 percent were unmarried.By religion, more than 91.0 percent were Buddhist and they had very poor literacy status among these study area where 91.0 percent areilliterate.Similarly, 55.5 percent of the respondents are living with their son/daughterin law and more than 60.6 percent of elderly people had decided self decision. Majority of those respondents are engage in agriculture as well as main source of consumption and large 85.8 percent of elderly people reported that they have health problem; during the sickness 57.1 percent of elderly people, they go to dhami/ jhakri house for their treatment and they are doing house hold work, talking with mates fortheir daily activities. Conclusion of this study found that they have good living arrangement but large numbers of elderly people are illiteracy and health problems. This study covered 3 wards of Sertung VDC and only for aged 60 years and above elderly people. So, other researcher can study all wards of this VDC as well as all ages of cohort throw broad study.